http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#declarativeDataDefinitionLang
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
https://mtp.linked.solutions/
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic	https://mtp.linked.solutions/dbms
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#tupleNotation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#relationsModeledAs
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#declarativeDataManipulationLang
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#relationStructure
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#relationPartitioning
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#literal
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	relationPartitioning
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/Tuple#this
	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tuple
	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_triple
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with how it partitions relations for unambiguous identification using namespacing. For example: catalog.schema.relation, database.schema.relation, schema.relation, urn:xyz:data, http://example.com/entity/, or http://example.com/entity#this etc.
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#dataAccessControl
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#dataAccessAPI
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatComputerLibraries
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	dataAccessAPI
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/OpenDatabaseConnectivity#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported Data Access Programming Interfaces e.g., ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET, OLE-DB, XMLA, HTTP etc.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#altLabel	Data Access API
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#relationPartitioning
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#declarativeDataDefinitionLang
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatDataModelingLanguages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	declarativeDataDefinitionLang
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/OWL#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RDF#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SQL#this
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel	DDL
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported declarative Data Definition Languages.
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#supportsIdentifierType
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#declarativeDataManipulationLang
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatQueryLanguages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	declarativeDataManipulationLang
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RDF#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/OWL#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SQL#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RDFSchema#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SPARQL#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel	DML
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported declarative Data Manipulation Languages.
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#relationsModeledAs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Sequence108459252
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	relationsModeledAs
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Directed_graph
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SQLRelation#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RDFRelation#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with how it models Entity Relationship Types (Relations)
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#identifierQuoteChar
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#literal
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	identifierQuoteChar
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/IRI#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/URI#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported Identifier Quotation character for system artificat naming/identification (relations/tables, inferred-relations/views, stored procedures) e.g., double-quotes, single-quotes, less-than and greater-than characters
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#identifierQuoteChar
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#declarativeReasoningLang
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/product/Virtuoso#this
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#this
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#supportsIdentifierType
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Identifier107270601
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	supportsIdentifierType
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/IRI#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/URI#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported Identifier Types. Examples include IRIs, URIs, and other
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#benchmarkStandards
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Identifier107270601
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	benchmarkStandards
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://ldbcouncil.org/benchmarks/spb#this
	https://github.com/hobbit-project/faceted-benchmark#this
	http://ldbcouncil.org/this
	http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/berlinsparqlbenchmark/this
	http://swat.cse.lehigh.edu/projects/lubm/this
	http://www.tpc.org/tpch/default.asp#this
	http://www.tpc.org/tpcc/default.asp#this
	http://www.tpc.org/tpca/default.asp#this
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel	Industry Standard Performance Benchmarks
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported industry standard benchmarks e.g., TPC-A, TPC-D, TPC-H, LDBC, LUBM, Berlin SPARQL Benchmark etc..
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#transactionSemantics
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#transactionSemantics
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	transactionSemantics
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://dbpedia.org/resource/ACID
	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Transaction_processing
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel	ACID
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported Transaction Semantics e.g., Atomicity (A), Consistency (C), Isolation (I), and Durability (D).
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#dataAccessAPI
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#relationStructure
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/DataStructure105728493
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	relationStructure
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/Tuple#this
	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tuple
	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_triple
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with how it Entity Relationship Types (Relations) are structured e.g., N-Tuples, 3-Tuples etc.
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#benchmarkStandards
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#declarativeReasoningLang
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/ArtificialLanguage106894544
	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatQueryLanguages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	declarativeReasoningLang
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SPINRulesVocab#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SQL#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/SPARQL#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported declarative Reasoning & Inference Languages.
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#tupleNotation
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Notation106808493
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	tupleNotation
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/CSV#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/NTriples#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/JSONLD#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/Tuple#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RDFXML#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/Microdata#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/Turtle#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RDFa#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with the supported notations for representing N-Tuples, 3-Tuples etc.
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms#this
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#dataAccessControl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Identifier107270601
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	dataAccessControl
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/ABAC#this
	http://data.openlinksw.com/oplweb/glossary-term/RBAC#this
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel	Data Security
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Associates a Database Management System (DBMS) with supported modalities for controlling access to data e.g., Role-based Access Control (RBAC) or Attributed-based Access Control (ABAC).
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/DataStructure105728493
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Data Structure
https://mtp.linked.solutions/dbms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/source	https://github.com/linked-solutions/prefix.cc-harvest/master
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix	dbms
http://rdfs.org/ns/void#triples	186
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Identifier107270601
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Identifier
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Notation106808493
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Notation
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://purl.org/dc/terms/created	2019-04-17T13:00:00-05:00
http://www.w3.org/2007/05/powder-s#describedby	http://www.openlinksw.com/DAV/data/turtle/dbms-app-ontology.ttl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	OpenLink Database Management Systems Ontology
http://schema.org/creator	http://www.openlinksw.com/#this
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo	1.0.0
http://purl.org/dc/terms/title	OpenLink Database Management Systems Ontology
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	Ontology that defines entity and relation types used to describe Database Management Systems software.
http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified	2019-04-22T16:21:00-05:00
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatQueryLanguages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Query Language
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatDataModelingLanguages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Modeling Language
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/DatabaseManagementSystem106588785
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Database Management System
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatComputerLibraries
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Computer Library
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/ArtificialLanguage106894544
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Artificial Language
http://www.openlinksw.com/DAV/data/turtle/dbms-app-ontology.ttl
http://schema.org/dateCreated	2019-04-17T13:00:00-05:00
http://creativecommons.org/ns#attributionName	OpenLink Software
http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US
http://schema.org/keywords	ODBC, ODBC Driver, JDBC, JDBC Driver, ADO.NET, ADO.NET Provider, OLE-DB, OLE-DB Provider, UDA, Data Access, Data Access Driver, Data Access Middleware, Database, Database Management System, DBMS, Relational Database Management System, RDBMS, Resource Description Framework, RDF, Relation, NoSQL, SQL, SPARQL.
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://schema.org/name	OpenLink Database Management System Ontology Document
http://schema.org/author	http://www.openlinksw.com/#this
http://creativecommons.org/ns#attributionURL	http://www.openlinksw.com/dataspace/organization/openlink#this
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type	http://schema.org/CreativeWork
http://schema.org/mainEnity	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://schema.org/description	Document that describes an Ontology of terms associated with Database Management Systems (DBMS) genres. Terms in this ontology enable structured descriptions of DBMS products.
http://schema.org/dateModified	2019-04-18T15:00:00-05:00
http://schema.org/datePublished	2019-04-18T13:00:00-05:00
http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Sequence108459252
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Class: Sequence
http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#DatabaseManagementSystem
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label	Database Management System
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel	DBMS
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass	http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/DatabaseManagementSystem106588785
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy	http://www.openlinksw.com/ontology/dbms-app-ontology#
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment	A Software Application that provides Structured Data Definition and Manipulation functionality.
http://schema.org/maninEntityOfPage	http://linkeddata.uriburner.com/describe/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fdata%2Fturtle%2Fgeneral%2Ftabulated-data-comparison.ttl%23content&graph=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openlinksw.com%2Fdata%2Fturtle%2Fgeneral%2Ftabulated-data-comparison.ttl&distinct=1
	https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1QHbPEsZqyNb6k0JB5j8vHkuI514c44mkNu-SaO8DekM/edit#gid=1757189899
	http://www.openlinksw.com/data/turtle/general/tabulated-data-comparison.ttl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf	http://schema.org/Application