http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Colon

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label colon
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1439
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Sign with two vertical points that is used in writing and printing to introduce an explanation, example or quotation. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1439)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceMedialPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrongInflection

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In German (and other Germanic languages), when gender, number and case are not expressed by a determiner, the adjective takes the endings of the strong inflection. (http://www.canoo.net/services/OnlineGrammar/Wort/Adjektiv/Deklinationstyp/Stark.html 20.11.06) Strong inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SublativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Sublative; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1392
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SublativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another referent is moving toward. It has the meaning 'towards the underneath of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Sublative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverbial

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -ADV (adverbial) — marks a constituent other than ADVP or PP when it is used adverbially (e.g., NPs or free (“headless”) relatives). However, constituents that themselves are modifying an ADVP generally do not get -ADV. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeponentMiddle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/DeponentMiddle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Action denotes physical/mental disposition of subject. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/DeponentMiddle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CessativeAspect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label cessative
accomplished
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2001
subClassOf aspect (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Aspect that expresses the cessation of an event or state. (SIL; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2001)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseBracket

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label close bracket
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2083
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is graphically represented by ] (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2083)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RightParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatorField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the German clause, the PARORD-field is the field for non-coordinating particles which optionally occur as the left-most element of a verb-second clause (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.17)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReducedRelativeClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RRC (reduced relative clause) Reduced relative clauses are adjoined to the NP they modify. (Bies et al. 1995) We will use the term \reduced relative clause" to refer to participial or adjectival constituents of the type illustrated in (@26). (26) He bought two watches designed by Paloma Picasso. Reduced relative clauses should be bracketed as adjunction structures. The structure of ( 26) is thus as in (@27). Note that the reduced relative clause, which is headed by a participle, is bracketed as a VP. (27) (S (NP He) (VP bought (NP (NP two watches) (VP designed (PP by (PNP (PNP Paloma) (PNP Picasso)))))) .) (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Reflexive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: integrate with Voice, rename to ReflexiveVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are the same. In many languages, reflexive constructions are rendered by transitive verbs followed by a reflexive pronoun, as in English -self (e. g., She threw herself to the floor.). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verbs 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReflexivityFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Supine

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES NonFiniteVerb with VerbForm="Supine".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Supine is a nonfinite form of motion verbs with functions similar to that of an infinitive (Angelika Adams)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Converb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonReflexive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: remove
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A non-reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are not the same. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verbs 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReflexivityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbbreviatedPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Pronominal
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Abbreviation/Syntactic_Type="pronominal" (Romanian), e.g., d-ta/dumneata, d-tale/dumitale, d-voastră/dumneavoastră, dv./dumneavoastră, dvs./dumneavoastră (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Pronominal)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Abbreviation
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Superlative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1422
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The superlative of an adjective or adverb is a form of adjective or adverb which indicates that something has some feature to a greater degree than anything it is being compared to in a given context. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlative 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticDefiniteArticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label clitic definite article
clitic definite determiner
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo cf. http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticDistalDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment clitic definite determiner, e.g., in Macedonian, Bulgarian, and Romanian (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticDeterminerType)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DefiniteArticle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Strong

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: rename to StrongPronoun
EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Strong pronouns are different from the weak pronouns (cf. StrengthFeature:Weak)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SeparablePrefix

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment separable verb prefix, e.g., "Auch die Vertreter der AfB [stimmten] den 86 Millionen [zu]."
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Prefix

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VulgarRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label vulgar register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1998
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register of a term or text type that can be characterized as profane or socially unacceptable. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1998)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DiminutiveNoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label diminutive noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2225
subClassOf noun (dcif:isA); can be proper name (German Julchen from Julia, Russian Olichka from Olga) or common noun (German Blümchen from Blume "flower", Russian yozhik from yozh "hedgehock")
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment diminutive noun (MIRACL LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2225)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelationNoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label relation noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2226
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment relation noun (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2226)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Anticausative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Anticausative This is a semantic manipulation of the verb frame (and thus limited to a specific semantic class of verbs) rather than a grammatical device for the manipulation of argument structure, therefore classified as Active here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An intransitive verb is derived from a basically transitive one with the direct object of the transitive verb corresponding to the subject of the intransitive. (Siewierska 1988:267) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Anticausative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RemotePast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RemotePast, classified as absolute-relative here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RemotePastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, usually more than a few days ago (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:88). Subsumes notion of PreHesternalPast tense, which locates the situation in question before that of an opposing hesternal past tense. (Bybee, Perkins, Pagliuca 1994: 98). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RemotePast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CollectivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3006
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A pronoun that refers to all elements of a set.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PseudopassiveVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3851
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment voice in a specify passive construction (different from the regular passive) where the patient is the syntactic subject and agent is the syntactic object
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NegativeDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Determiner/Type="negative" (Romanian)
In Romanian the negative determiner is expressed by the unit nici + indefinite article (e.g. nici un, nici o). (MTE v4) e.g., nici-o/nici_un, nici_o/nici_un, nici_un, nici_unei/nici_un, nici_unii/nici_un, nici_unor/nici_un, nici_unui/nici_un (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeDeterminer)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteDeterminer

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Clitic

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label cliticness
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticElement
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903 (cliticness), http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Cliticness
Deprecated: Note that the original MULTEXT-East definition of cliticness conflates four different aspects under this label: (a) whether an element *is* a clitic, (b) whether an element *contains* a clitic, (c) whether an element *should contain* a clitic that is, however, represented as a separate token, and (d) whether an element is part of a collocation. In the MULTEXT-East ontology (and here), this is made explicit by CliticElement, NoncliticElement, ElementWithClitic, ElementWithoutClitic and Collocation. Instead of the original "Clitic", CliticElement (state of being a clitic) and Cliticization (process of adding a clitic) are to be used
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Categorization of the different types of clitics (MultText-East; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommissiveModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label commissive force
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3120
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment CommissiveForce indicates that the speaker promises or threatens to perform some action [Palmer 2001: 10, 72].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActionalModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeMood

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3836
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Clarify relationship with DirectSpeech
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdverbialModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#adverbialModifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adverbial modifier modifies a verb. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#adverbialModifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Modifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CircumstantialVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3848
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment voice that promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the role of subject
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AspirationalVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#AspirationalVerb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment It is a verb, which indicates a strong desire to achieve something, without the doer. དག་པ ་ ང་ ་ ་བར་ ག། dag-pai zhing-lu kewa shÔ 'May i be born in pure land' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuperessiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superessive, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1396
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SuperessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location on which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'on' or 'upon'. (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 207, Gove, et al. 1966: 2293). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superessive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OrdinalNumber

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Numeral with Type="Ordinal".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An ordinal number is a number belonging to a class whose members designate positions in a sequence, e.g. in English "First", "Second", "Third". (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAOrdinalNumeral.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WeakObligativeModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3557
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment WeakObligativeModality indicates that an agent is under a moral obligation to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 186-187].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObligativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImperativeMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a command, request, or exhortation (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperativeModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImperativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PragmaticInverseVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PragmaticInverse
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment If the agent is more topical than the patient, the direct-active clause is used. If norm is reversed and the patient is more topical, the inverse clause is used. (Givon 1994:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PragmaticInverse)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InverseVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Collective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label collective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf grammaticalNumber (dcif:conceptualDomain)
rename to CollectiveNumber
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1254
Normally realized by derivation rather than inflection, unless other evidence is provided, OLiA follows *both* the modelling of EAGLES (Collective rdf:type Number) and the modelling of the MTE ontology (Collective rdf:type MorphologicalDerivation, cf. http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Collective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A collective number is a number referring to 'a set of things'. Languages that have this feature can use it to get a phrase like 'flock of sheeps' by using 'sheep' in collective number. (en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_number; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1254)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Derivation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EvaluativeModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label evaluative property
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3184 (EvaluativeProperty)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment EvaluativeProperty: A term used in semantics for a type of modality where propositions express the speaker's attitude (e.g. surprise, regret) towards what is being said. [Crystal 2003: 168]
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PermissiveModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3384
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PermissiveModality indicates that an agent has permission to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Palmer 2001: 10, 71].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatorField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The KOORD-field is the field for coordinating particles in the German clause. In contrast to the PARORD-field, it can optionally occur as the left-most element of all clause types. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.17)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possessive

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label possessive
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1355
subClassOf referentType (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Relative to the possession or association. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=possessive; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1355)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReferentTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Utterance

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label utterance
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1409
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker's silence. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnUtterance.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1409)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PrepositionalAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3000
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment adverb which is very similar in its form to a preposition
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Singular

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Singular is a grammatical number denoting a unit quantity (as opposed to the plural and other forms). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DemonstrativeQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DemonstrativeQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="demonstrative" are items meaning `this many/much', etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns (because they contain a demonstrative element) or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DemonstrativeQuantifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AspectParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AspectParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Romanian MULTEXT-East scheme, a verbal particle with Particle/Type="aspect" modifies the verbs and carries information on the verb form, i.e., on its aspect (Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AspectParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuspensionPoints

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label suspension points
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1447
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Sequence of three dots having the same meaning as "et cetera" (full form) or "etc" (abbreviated form). (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1447)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceMedialPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuantificationalAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Quantificational, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#quantitativeAspect
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A speaker may report an event as occurring once only (semelfactive) or several times (iterative); he may view it as a specific event or as part of a general habit of carrying out similar events; he may also differentiate between different degrees of frequency with which the event occurs. The markers that a given language provides for one or more of these meaning distinctions can be grouped under a subcategory called “quantificational aspect", as all of them refer to the quantitative aspect of the event concerned (Bhat 1999:53). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Quantificational)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MannerNoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label manner noun
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:0
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3854
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo deprecated, as merely a shorthand for CommonNoun and hasSemanticRole some MannerRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun expressing a manner

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EquativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1279
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks. It can have meaning, such as: 'as', 'like', or 'in the capacity of'. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1279)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SemiColon

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label semi-colon
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1446
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Sign (;) usually used to separate phrases. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1446)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceMedialPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ListMarker

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment LST — List marker. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LayoutElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DurativeAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Durative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Events which involve some duration (Bhat 1999:58). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Durative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdmonitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#admonitiveModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Expression of warning (Bybee 1985:22) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#admonitiveModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexiveVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#reflexiveVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The reflexive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject is both the agent and the patient or recipient. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#reflexiveVoice)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasWordConjunct

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#WordCoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:1
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasConjunct

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HodiernalPast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HodiernalPast, classified as Past here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment HodiernalPastTense locates the situation in question before the moment of utterance within the span culturally defined as 'today' (Comrie 1985:87; Dahl 1985:125-126). Contrasts with PreHodiernalPastTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HodiernalPast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MeasureArgument

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with TIGER
TODO: check definition
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in conformance with TIGER
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NominalizedVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withNominalProperites
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A non-finite embedded construction which contains features with nominal properties (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withNominalProperites, with reference to Dik 1997)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PartitiveDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: Check the relationship between PartitiveDeterminer and PartitiveCase: The partitive case is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific identity" (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#partitiveCase, with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive). PartitiveCase expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part. This case may be found in items such as the following: existential clauses, nouns that are accompanied by numerals or units of measure, or predications of material from which something is made. It often has a meaning similar to the English word 'some'. (GOLD, "Partitive"; see there for references)
EAGLES Determiner with DetType="Partitive".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A partitive determiner indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function. (Wilson and Leech 1996)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessiveAdjective

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PossessiveAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A PossessiveAdjective is an denominal adjective, often derived from a ProperNoun, that serves to indicate possession in most Slavic languages. Unlike a genitival construction, a possessive adjective shows agreement with its head noun. (Chiarcos)
Adjective/Type="possessive" are denominal, not pronominal expressions of possession (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/09). Therefore not to be confused with Pronoun/Type=adjectival(a) (Bulgarian only), for words like умно /cleverly, wisely, sensibly/, which are derived from adjectives. (Dimitrova et al. 2009) e.g., Slovene dušikovima/dušikov, Marsovi/Marsov, Slovak vojvodova/vojvodov, vojvodove/vojvodov, vojvodovej/vojvodov, vojvodovho/vojvodov, vojvodovi/vojvodov, vojvodovmu/vojvodov, vojvodovo/vojvodov, vojvodovom/vojvodov, vojvodovou/vojvodov, Serbian evroazijske/evroazijska, evroazijskih/evroazijski, Goldštajnov, govornikov, Jehovine/Jehovin, malabarskom/malabarski, O'Brajenov, O'Brajenovog/O'Brajenov, oficirov, Czech Riegrovými/Riegrův, Stradellovými/Stradellův, Tristanovou/Tristanův, Wagnerových/Wagnerův, Wagnerovým/Wagnerův, Weberovi/Weberův, Weberových/Weberův, Wertherovi/Wertherův, Winstonovi/Winstonův (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PossessiveAdjective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MannerAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:2
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo DEPRECATED: equivalent to Adverb and hasSemanticRole some MannerRole from ILPOSTS, http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#MannerAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonInitial

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, reimplemented as subhierarchy of CoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When two distinct words occur, as in German weder...noch..., then the second is given the Non-initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubjectControl

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#SubjectControl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indicates the subject of the main clause is the (omitted) subject of the subclause (http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#SubjectControl)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Control

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TemporalisCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#TemporalisCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The so-called Temporalis Case is formed in Hungarian with -kor. Expresses a point of time or a period. (http://member.melbpc.org.au/~tmajlath/form-suffix.html)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#zuInclusion

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label zu inclusion
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1954
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Inclusion of zu. (DFKI; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1954)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Infix

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalIrrealisMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo ILPOSTS (Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#NonReal is restricted to conditional participles, hence probably a subtype of ConditionalMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conditional Mood (modality) with Irrealis meaning (ILPOSTS)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalMood
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalIrrealisModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Circumposition

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES adposition with optional attribute Type="Circumposition". The relationship between circumpositions and pre-/postpositions in EAGLES is not clear. We do not prohibit Circumpositions from being Prepositions or Postpositions, though the EAGLES feature assignment (with all optional values implemented) would possibly rule this out. (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A circumposition is an adposition with a part before the noun phrase and a part after. It is much less common than prepositions or postpositions. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumposition 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adposition

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasObjectNumber

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:3
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced for double agreement of transitive verbs, e.g., in Hungarian, see http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FirstSgSecondSg
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Number of the object of a transitive verb. (Note that this does not entail of hasNumber).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeSentence

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:4
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment S|Simple declarative clause, i.e. one that is not introduced by a (possibly empty) subordinating conjunction or wh-word and that does not exhibit subject-verb inversion. (Santorini 1991) Simple declarative sentences: (S (NP-SBJ Casey) (VP threw (NP the ball))) ... S â ´ Simple declarative clause, i.e. one that is not introduced by a (possibly empty) subordinating conjunction or wh-word and that does not exhibit subject-verb inversion. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeModality
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SentenceTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InceptiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inceptive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InceptiveAspect, also called the ingressive, encodes the beginning portion of some event (Bybee 1985: 147, 149; Payne 1997: 240; Bhat 1999:176). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inceptive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondHonorific

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TOCHECK: is SecondHonorific different from SecondPolite ?
Adopted from ILPOSTS for Indian languages, http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Honorific
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Second

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InstrumentNoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3856
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:5
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo deprecated, as merely a shorthand for Noun and hasSemanticRole some InstrumentRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun expressing an instrument of the action

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InflectedWithOvertMarker

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Chiarcos, motivated by BaseForm in SUSANNE (Sampson 1995) and related schemes; cf. http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#MarkedForGender
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An inflected form with overt morphological marking (as opposed to the base form and lexemes that do not inflect at all).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inflected

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ApproximateNumeral

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ApproximateNumeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Bulgarian has Numeral/Form=approx(a), used for approximate numerals (десетина /about a ten/, стотина /about a hundred/) (Dimitrova et al. 2009, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ApproximateNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QualifierAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label qualifier adjective
qualificative adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1477, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#QualificativeAdjective
subClassOf adjective (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adjective used to qualify. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1477)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Qualifier
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UniquitiveDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#UniquitiveDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Determiner/Type="exceptional" is applied to the Persian uniquitive determiner تنها i.e., "the only" (MTE v4; Hamidreza Kobdani, email 2010/06/15, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#UniquitiveDeterminer)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProprietiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TDS Ontology, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#proprietiveCase-grammatical
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Proprietive case marks a possessional relation, i.e. 'having' something. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#proprietiveCase-grammatical)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AffirmativeParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label particule affirmative
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1918
subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle used to express affirmation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1918)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES finite verb with VerbForm="Conditional".
TODO: reimplement with properties
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A conditional verb is a verb form in many languages. It is used to express degrees of certainty or uncertainty and hypothesis about past, present, or future. Such forms often occur in conditional sentences. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_mood 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When the same word is also placed before the first conjunct, as in French "ou...ou...", the former occurrence is given the Correlative value and the latter the Simple value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
Conjunction/Coord_Type="correlat" (Romanian). In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father). (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Specific

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticSpecificDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment "By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SpecificityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InstrumentalCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TDS Ontology, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#instrumentalCase-grammatical; GOLD, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Instrumental; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1316
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InstrumentalCase indicates that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of the action expressed by the clause (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Instrumental)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MassNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Noun with Countability="Mass".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A mass noun (also uncountable noun or non-count noun) can't be modified by a numeral, occur in singular/plural or co-occur with the relevant kind of determiner. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:6

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HodiernalFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HodiernalFuture, classified as Future here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment HodiernalFutureTense locates the situation in question after the moment of utterance within the span culturally defined as 'today' (Comrie 1985: 86; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 247). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HodiernalFuture)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocationalCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Locational
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Category of case that denotes that the referent of the noun it marks is a location. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Locational)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DemonstrativeAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#AdverbialDemonstrative, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#DistalDemonstrativeAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pronominal adverb derived from a demonstrative stem (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronominalAdverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PastPerfectTense

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Past perfect
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1348
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment denoting a tense of verbs used in relating past events where the action had already occurred at the time of the action of a main verb that is itself in a past tense. In English this is a compound tense formed with had plus the past participle (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=past+perfect; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1348)
Past perfect tense is an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time in the past relative to a reference point, which itself is in the past relative to the moment of utterance (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPastPerfectTense.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1348)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteRelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSentenceConjunct

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SentenceCoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasConjunct
_:7

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Separable

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES; note that UbyPos extends separability to particles
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A separable verb is a verb that is composed of a verb stem and a separable affix. In some verb forms, the verb appears in one word, whilst in others the verb stem and the affix are separated. German and Dutch are notable for having many separable verbs. For example, the Dutch verb "aankomen" is a separable verb. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separable_verb 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SeparabilityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DelativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Delative, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1268
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment DelativeCase expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 53; Gove, et al. 1966: 595). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Delative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonabsolutiveAntipassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonabsolutiveAntipassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An Antipassive in which the P or logical object is overtly downgraded. (Klaiman 1991:232) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonabsolutiveAntipassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Antipassive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HeadOfNP

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES NPFunction="head"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The HeadFunction is a function of an adjective or participle that can serve as the focus of the phrase.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Head

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Space

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label space
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2189
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Empty area between words, lines or columns (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2189)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GraphicalSeparator

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeMultiplicativeQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3021 (InterrogativeMultiplicativeNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An interrogative/relative word used to ask about the number of times something happened.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Correlative

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo from EAGLES, reimplemented as subhierarchy of CoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When the same word is also placed before the first conjunct, as in French "ou...ou...", the former occurrence is given the Correlative value and the latter the Simple value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:8
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo deprecated: merely shorthand for Determiner and hasEmphasis some Emphatic
http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Determiner/Type="emphatic" (Romanian)
In Romanian, there are specific forms for the so-called emphatic determiner, which may accompany both a noun and a personal pronoun: fata însăşi (the girl herself), also ea însăşi (she herself). e.g., însele/însumi, însemi/însumi, însene/însumi, însevă/însumi, înseşi/însumi, înseţi/însumi, însumi, însuşi/însumi, însuţi/însumi (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MediopassiveVoice

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:9
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3850
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment voice which subsumes both the middle voice and the passive voice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AspectMarkingAuxiliary

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Sajjad (2007) for Urdu, cf. http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#AspectualAuxiliary
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An auxiliary that marks exclusively aspect, e.g., in Urdu: Auxiliaries: Based on the syntactic nature of Urdu, auxiliaries are divided into two categories. Aspectual auxiliaries always occur after main verb of the sentence. Tense auxiliaries are used to show the time of the action. They occurred at the end of the verb phrase (Sajjad 2007). E.g., Urdu rahā, an auxiliary element is used to mark the durative aspect. (Hardie 2004, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#RahaAuxiliary)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrictAuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SemelfactiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Semelfactive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Momentaneous, without an inherent end-point, as sneeze (Michaelis 1998:xvi). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Semelfactive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunctionWithComparative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "als" is followed by various kinds of comparative clause (including clauses without finite verbs). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FrequentiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Frequentive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Events which are frequently repeated, differs from habitual in that it can only be based upon the observation of several occurrences of the event concerned, whereas habitual can be based upon the observation of a single occurrence (Bhat 1999: 53). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Frequentive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuperallativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superallative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SuperallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is above the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the region that is over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superallative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContextualVariation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1977
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Variation on a particular usage or immediate proximity of words.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RemoteFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RemoteFuture, classified as Future here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RemoteFutureTense locates the situation in question at a time that is considered relatively distant. It is characteristically after the span of time culturally defined as 'tomorrow' (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:94). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RemoteFuture)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ComparativeParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label comparative particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1922
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle used to compare. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1922)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsolutiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TDS Ontology, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1225
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Absolutive case marks the first argument of an intransitive verb and the second argument of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absolutiveCase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExclamatoryAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES WHAdverb with Wh-Type="Exclamatory".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An ExclamatoryAdverb seves to express exclamation, cf. how in "How well everyone played!" Exclamative sentences or exclamatives An exclamatory sentence or exclamation is generally a more emphatic form of statement, in particular, they are used are used to express strong feelings (Latin exclamare : "to call out, to cry out"). (http://english.unitecnology.ac.nz/resources/resources/exp_lang/sentence.html 07.05.07, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) 07.05.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHTypeAdverbs

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionPredicate

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SQ â ´ Inverted yes/no question, or main clause of a wh-question, following the wh-phrase in SBARQ. (Bies et al. 1995) SQ|That part of an SBARQ that excludes the wh-word or wh-phrase. See Section 5.32. (Santorini 1991) The SBARQ label marks wh-questions (i.e., those that contain a gap and therefore require a trace). A further level of structure, SQ, contains the inverted auxiliary (if there is one) and the rest of the sentence. The inverted auxiliary in wh-questions is not labeled. ... SQ (See also section 1.2.7.) â ¢ inside SBARQ: As described above, inside wh-questions, SQ holds the subject, inverted auxiliary (if any), main verb phrase, and some adjuncts. â ¢ yes/no questions: SQ is used for yes/no questions (i.e., those with inversion but no wh-movement). ... â ¢ subject-less yes/no questions: In questions where the auxiliary and subject do not appear, the auxiliary is unlabeled and a null subject (NP-SBJ *) is used. ... Note that questions with overt subjects and auxiliaries that show declarative word order are simply labeled S. â ¢ Tag questions: Tag questions are treated as an adjunction of SQ to S. The resulting structure is labeled SQ, since the whole thing is interrogative in nature. The lower SQ is annotated to show predicate deletion; that is, an appropriate null *?* is inserted. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Question

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DemonstrativeModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#demonstrativeModifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A nominal is modified by a demonstrative. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#demonstrativeModifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubterminativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subterminative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SubterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region under the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'into the region under'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subterminative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VoiceNoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label voice noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2253
subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun of a voice (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2253)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WithInfinite

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, reimplemented within SubordinatingConjunction taxonomy
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "ohne" ("zu"...) is followed by an infinitive. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SubordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SimpleFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Future, cf. http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Past
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment FutureTense locates the situation in question after the present moment, with no specification on the distance in time. (adapted from the definition of http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Past)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Honorific

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label honorific
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2347
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment special form of language used when talking about those in positions of social situation (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2347)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Stem

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label stem
base
root
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1389
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Root of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAStem.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1389)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CompoundPreposition

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label compound preposition
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf preposition (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1934
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Preposition that is a aggregation of words (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1934)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VolitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label volitive force
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3555
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment VolitiveForce indicates that the speaker is willing to perform some action [Palmer 2001: 76].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AntiCausativeVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3080
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An intransitive verb is derived from a basically transitive one with the direct object of the transitive verb corresponding to the subject of the intransitive [Siewierska 1988: 267].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DependencyRelation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Transgressive

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Transgressive
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1404
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment present (action in the same time as of the predicate): The dog going through the house barks. past (action premature to the one of predicate): He has started to read the book after he had sat down. (ark.wz.cz/cidarke/mverb.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1404)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Present

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Initialism

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-333
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from ubyPos.owl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Abbreviation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phraseme

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:10
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/ubyPos.owl#phraseme, no definition there
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conventional lexical unit consisting of a particular phrase (CC)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FixedExpression

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ZeroPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995; often considered as extremely weak form of personal pronouns (Ariel 1990; Givón 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment *|An asterisk represents a zero pronoun; it may need to be deleted. ... * is used to represent the empty subject of gerunds, imperatives and to-infinitive clauses. (Santorini 1991) (NP *) â ´ arbitrary PRO, controlled PRO, and trace of A-movement (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersonalPronoun
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NumeralModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#numeralModifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A nominal is modified by a numeral. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#numeralModifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EssiveFormalCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EssiveFormalCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The Hungarian "formativus, or essivus-formalis `-ként' ... usually expresses a position, task and manner of the person or the thing." (Nose 2003), e.g., Hungarian 'katonaként' -> [serves] as a soldier. (Csaba Oravecz, email 2010/06/15)

"Haspelmath & Buchholz (1998:321) explained the function of the essive case as ``role phrases''. Role phrases represent the role of the function in which a participant appears. They regard the role phrases as adverbial." (Nose 2003, p. 117)
In the Hungarian language this case combines the Essive case and the Formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal"). The status of the suffix -ként in the declension system is disputed for several reasons. First, in general, Hungarian case suffixes are absolute word-final, while -ként permits further suffixation by the locative suffix -i. Second, most Hungarian case endings participate in vowel harmony, while -ként does not. For these reasons, many modern analyses of the Hungarian case system, starting with László Antal's "A magyar esetrendszer" (1961) do not consider the essive/formal to be a case. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive-formal_case)
cf. Masahiko Nose (2003), Adverbial Usage of the Hungarian Essive Case
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresentativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3015
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Should be redefined in terms of deixis
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment pronoun that identify the current locative or temporal situation
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TargetRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added as counterpart of SourceRole, see there
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The target role instantiates the destination of an event or entity.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectionRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FusedPreposition

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label fused preposition
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf preposition (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1901
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Preposition that is the result of a morphological merge from at least two words. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1901)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DebitiveMood

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3835
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Mood to express necessity or requirement
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DebitiveModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunctionWithInfinite

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "ohne" ("zu"...) is followed by an infinitive. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label interrogative particle
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:11
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
TODO: check relationship with interrogative adverb
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1921
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle used to express a question. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1921)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativePast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativePast
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RelativePastTense locates the situation in question before that of a contextually determined temporal reference point (Comrie 1985: 104). Also called PastPerfectTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativePast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CountableNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Noun with Countability="Countable".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A countable noun (also count noun) is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc.. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:12

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondPolite

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersonalPronoun attribute Politeness="Polite". The EAGLES attribute politeness (polite/ familiar) is limited to second-person pronouns. In French, for example, it is possible to treat Polite simply as pragmatic values encoded through other attributes - especially person and number. In languages where there are special polite pronoun forms (e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted), the additional Politeness attribute is required. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Second

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubstitutivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:13
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced to account for non-attributive pronouns, see olia:AttributivePronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment non-attributive pronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
_:14

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Lative; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1323
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment LativeCase expresses 'motion up to the location of,' or 'as far as' the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 121; Gove, et al. 1966: 1277). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Lative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FactiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FactiveCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment case category of the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, e.g., amilyenné/amilyen, azzá/az, erőddé/erő, jelmezeivé/jelmez, jelükké/jel, kevéssé/kevés, Kissé/Kiss, legjelentéktelenebbekké/jelentéktelen (hu) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FactiveCase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#RelativeQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Czech MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="relative" are items meaning `how many/much', `as many/much' etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#RelativeQuantifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NeutralRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label standard register
neutral register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1999
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The register appropriate to general texts or discourse. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1999)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionMark

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label interrogative point
question mark
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1444
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Sign used to express a question. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1444)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceFinalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GivenName

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced as generalization over http://purl.org/olia/ubyPos.owl#nounProperFirstName
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In most European cultures, a given name designates an individual person throughout her/his life span. To distinguish people with the same name but from different families, additional elements have been introduced into name formulas that identify a person's family or ancestry. (CC)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProperNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PlainMiddle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PlainMiddle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Results of action occur to subject. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PlainMiddle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondNonHonorific

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Adopted from ILPOSTS for Indian languages, http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#NonHonorific
TOCHECK: is SecondNonHonorific different from SecondFamiliar ?
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Second

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/DirectVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Signals that the action proceeds in an ontologically salient way, i.e. that salience is assigned to nominals based on their referent's relative real-world capacities to control situations. (Klaiman 1991:32) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/DirectVoice)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BrokenPlural

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label broken plural
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf plural (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2218
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Internal plural that do not have any inflection. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2218)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Plural

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHAdverbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment WHADVP|Wh-adverb phrase. Phrasal category headed by a wh-adverb such as how or why. (Santorini 1991) WHADVP â ´ Wh-adverb Phrase. Introduces a clause with an ADVP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing a wh-adverb such as how or why. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdverbPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HonorificVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#HonorificVerb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ན་བཟའ་/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun གོ་ ལ་/gola/(cloths), གསངས་/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb སབ་/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. བངམ་/jun/(created), the past particle form of བང་/jung/(create).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TitleNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with Sajjad (2007, for Urdu, http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#Title)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A title designates the function or the social status of an individual. Often, it accompanies a proper noun, but it can also be used in place of a proper noun (if the bearer of the title is contextually unambiguous). E.g. "The/Det German/Adj Chancellor/Title Angela/Name Merkel/Name said ..." can be used besides "the German Chancellor said ...". Accordingly, some schemes (e.g., Chungku et al. 2010, for Dzongkha) group titles together with proper names (http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#ParticularPersonNoun). However, if multiple people hold the same title, they can be referred to as a group, e.g., "Since WWII, the politics of the German chancellors always followed ...", and in this usage, titles are more comparable to common nouns. Functionally, titles are thus an intermediate category between CommonNoun and ProperNoun (cf. also Mulkern 1996). Titles do, however, share important characteristics with common nouns. In English, for example, titles generally require a definite determiner (unlike proper nouns), even if unambiguous ("the pope"). They are thus classified here as a subtype of CommonNoun. (Ann E. Mulkern. The name of the game. In Jeanette Gundel and Thorstein Fretheim, editors. Reference and Referent Accessibility: Pragmatics and Beyond. John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 1996, pages 235–250.)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label conditional particule
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo DCR subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2230
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment conditional particule (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2230)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CausativeCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label causative case
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1253
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1253)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GenitiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES-recommended case feature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Genitive case signals that the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun, e.g. "the man's foot". In some languages, genitive case may express an associative relation between the marked noun and another noun. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsGenitiveCase.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonspecificArticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label nonspecific determiner
nonspecific article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced in analogy with SpecificArticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment "By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Slash

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label slash
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
Parenthetical in Russian (instead of "(", ")"), sentence medial in English
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1437
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The punctuation sign / (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1437)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondaryPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RaisableSubject

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:15
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo from http://lemon-model.net/lemon#RaisableSubject, deprecated because this is just a shorthand for Raising and SyntacticSubject

http://purl.org/olia/hasSemanticRole

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ModernUsage

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label modern
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf dating (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1962 (modern)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Currently in use. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1962)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TemporallyDefinedUsage

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HaveAuxiliary

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label have
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1299
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The verb have as an auxiliary. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1299)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrictAuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObjectiveCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2798
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case used to express the direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, object complement and subject of an infinitive.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adverb with Wh-Type="Relative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The value relative is used for adverbs in clear relative cases as in: "The place 'where' I met you.", "The reason 'why' I did it." (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.33, 07.05.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHTypeAdverbs

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexivePossessiveDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:16
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo shorthand for ReflexiveDeterminer and PossessiveDeterminer, relevant for MULTEXT-East (Slavic) and EMILLE (Urdu), http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ReflexivePossessiveAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Attributive possessive pronoun form of the reflexive pronoun, e.g., Russian свой: Обама на свой день рождения угощал гостей стейками и хот-догами. Obama on his day of.birth entertained guests with.steaks and hot.dogs "On his birthday, Obama entertained his guests with steaks and hot dogs." (http://ua.rian.ru/world_news/20110805/78815136.html) The antecedent of a possessive reflexive is not determined by its gender, but by its syntactic prominence.

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Aorist

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label aorist
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1240
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Simple past tense that is predominantly used for narration. Both the perfective and the imperfective forms can be used in the aorist without any restrictions. (www.helsinki.fi/~bontchev/grammar/index.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1240)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label conditional pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2222
subClassOf pronoun (dcif:isA)
check for a definition
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment conditional pronoun (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2222)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContlativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contlative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ContlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location in the vicinity of which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'in the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contlative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Typo

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Typo
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment a mis-typed word
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Trace

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment T|Trace. Marks the position where a fronted wh-constituent is interpreted. ... T marks the spot where an argument NP that has been moved by wh-movement or relative clause formation is interpreted. For instance, the relative clause the man that I saw should be bracketed as follows, by analogy to the corresponding simple declarative I saw the man. (NP (NP the man) (SBAR that (S (NP I) (VP saw) (NP T))))) T is also used to represent the empty subjects of as-clauses. (Santorini 1991) *T* â ´ trace of Aâ ²-movement (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Copula

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label copula
copule
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Adopted from the SFB632 annotation guidelines. In EAGLES, copulas are not distinguished from auxiliaries, hence represented as such here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A copula is an intransitivity verb which links a subject to a noun phrase, an adjective or an other constituent which expresses the predicate. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACopula.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Feminine

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#feminineGender
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Feminine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns, articles, pronouns, etc. that have human or animal female referents, and often marks nouns that have referents that do not carry distinctions of sex. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2at 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Intransitive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo SUSANNE (Sampson 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A predicate/verb that takes one argument, e.g., English "to go", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UnaccomplishedAspect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label unaccomplished
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2217
subClassOf aspect (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment aspect that expresses an event or state that is not finished. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2217)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AgentRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#agentRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An agentive role is one in which the actor exerts some degree of will(-power) in the execution of the event. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#agentRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActorMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftDislocationField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The German Linksversetzungsfeld is a field for the left-dislocated phrase of resumptive constructions. A Linksversetzung is a pendent constituent. It can be regarded as a syntactic anticipation of a part of a sentence (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.16)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Extraposition
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fronting
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#YesNoQuestion

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment There are two types of direct questions: yes-no questions and wh-questions. Yes-no questions should be bracketed as SQ. The auxiliary verb or form of do that precedes the subject in a yes-no question is a child of SQ. Note that yes-no questions need not contain a VP node (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectQuestion

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Frame

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Introduced to account for semantic frames in lexinfo, note that full-fledged semantic role annotation is subject to specialized resources (FrameNet, Verbnet, etc.) and beyond the scope of OLiA. For compliance with lexinfo, however, these have been added to OLiA.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment According to "Frame Semantics, deriving from the work of Charles J. Fillmore and colleagues (Fillmore 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985, Fillmore and Baker 2001, 2010) ... [,] the meanings of most words can best be understood on the basis of a semantic frame: a description of a type of event, relation, or entity and the participants in it. For example, the concept of cooking typically involves a person doing the cooking (Cook), the food that is to be cooked (Food), something to hold the food while cooking (Container) and a source of heat (Heating_instrument)." (https://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/fndrupal/about)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LexicalUnit

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Date

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Sajjad (2007, for Urdu, cf. http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#Date)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Date is a stretch of text that specifies a specific point in time and that is not further linguistically analysed. (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConterminativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Conterminative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ConterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'moving into the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Conterminative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inanimate

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label inanimate
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf animacy (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1952
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Perceived as not living. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1952)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AnimacyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TechnicalRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label technical register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1997
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The register appropriate to scientific texts or special languages. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1997)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GenitiveAttribute

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: check definition
added in conformance to the TIGER scheme
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in conformance to the TIGER scheme
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseParenthesis

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label close parenthesis
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1440
subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment End of a parenthesis pair. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1440)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RightParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NegativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label negative pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1925
subClassOf pronoun (dcif:isA), reclassification as IndefinitePronoun follows EAGLES and STTS praxis
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pronoun used in a context of a negation or for expressing a negation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1925)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefinitePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Weak

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Weak pronouns are helping pronouns many languages have for easily explaining the possessive status of something, to which something belongs. Many languages have different ways to express this. For example, English has distinctive words for all of these: "my", "mine". Germanic languages and Romance languages have the same, but inflect them for gender: (Spanish example) "mío", "mía", "míos" and "mías" ("mine", in the masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, and feminine plural form, respectively). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_pronoun 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmbeddedParticiple

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label participle construction
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withParticipleAsHead, http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#ParticipialConstruction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A participle is the head of the embedded construction. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withParticipleAsHead) Participial constructions are used as adjunct clauses in Old High German. As they lack a finite verb form they are kept separately from finite subordinate clauses. (http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#ParticipialConstruction)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuperlativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superlative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SuperlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location onto which another referent is moving. It has the meaning of 'onto'. Unfortunate name clash with 'Superlative' as a property of adjectives. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superlative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DominanceRelation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasUsage

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#UsageAndFrequencyFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1965
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The relative commonness with which a term occurs. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1965)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdverbialParticiple

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdverbialParticiple
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverb/Type="participle" is used in the Slovene MTE v4 specs, e.g., 'leže' / lying. Slovenian adverbial participles are, however, not attested for Resian. (MTE v4)(http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdverbialParticiple)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FinalField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DifferentialPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TOCHECK: maybe this is a quantifier ?
adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A pronoun, which classifies or differentiates(pronoun) by a single basis, like everybody; each; individual etc. འ ག་པ ་ ་ ར་ ག་ར་ ན་ ང་ ང་ཁ་ ས་ད ། Drupai Miser Gara Enrung Dzongkha ShegÔ 'Every Bhutanese must know Dzongkha' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonspecificPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonspecificPronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Russian MTE v4 specs, Pronoun/Type="nonspecific" marks the following Russian words: весь 'all', всякий 'any, every', сам 'oneself', самый 'the very', каждый 'every, each', иной 'other', любой 'any', другой 'other'. The name "nonspecific" follows Halliday (1985, Section 6.2.1.1). (MTE v4) A nonspecific pronoun refers to an unidentified or general entity (e.g., "I saw *someone*", "I saw *everyone*"). A nonspecific pronoun is not, therefore, a personal pronoun, but an indefinite one. (Andrews 2003). Andrews, Richard J. (2003), Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. University of Oklahoma Press. Halliday, M.A.K. (1985), An introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonspecificPronoun)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:17
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefinitePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NucleonicMiddle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NucleonicMiddle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Object of action belongs to. Moves into, or moves from sphere of subject. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NucleonicMiddle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImpersonalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label impersonal pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1426
subClassOf pronoun (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pronoun lacking person referent. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1426) More precisely, a form of pronoun that denotes the absence of a concrete or specific referent, e.g., German "man". As opposed to IndefinitePronoun, this referent is not just discourse-new, but generic or hypothetical.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefinitePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DitransitiveTheme

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#T
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Ditransitive theme (T) (Siewierska 2004:57). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#T)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectObject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SimpleAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo ILPOSTS, http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#SimpleAspect
TODO: check whether this is properly defined
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment non-progressive, non-purposive aspect (for Indian languages defined by http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#SimpleAspect)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PreNominalModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, NPFunction="premodifying", cf. http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1943 (preModifier, but without reference to nominal heads)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Premodifying is a function of an adjective that can modify a following noun. (EAGLES) modificationType: Refers to the prenominal or postnominal positions of determiners which distinguish different forms. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1931)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Topicalization

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Topicalization structures are ones where a non-subject immediately precedes a subject, which immediately precedes the verb/auxiliary of the sentence. Two examples: Pizza, John likes. Tomorrow, I will go to the store. Such examples should be bracketed as adjunction structures. (Santorini 1991) -TPC (“topicalized”) — marks elements that appear before the subject in a declarative sentence, but in two cases only: (i) if the fronted element is associated with a *T* in the position of the gap. (ii) if the fronted element is left-dislocated (i.e., it is associated with a resumptive pronoun in the position of the gap). (See the section on fronted elements in section 1 [Overview of Basic Clause Structure] for more details on the treatment of fronted elements and the section on *T* with fronted elements in section 4 [Null Elements] for more details on the distribution of *T*.) (Bies et al. 1995) Fronted elements are placed inside the top clause level (e.g. S, SINV, SQ, SBAR). (Only certain fronted elements are tagged -TPC: (i) constituents associated with a *T* in the position of the gap and (ii) left-dislocated constituents (those associated with a resumptive pronoun in the position of the gap).) (See section 1 [Overview of Basic Clause Structure] for more details on the treatment of fronted elements.) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fronting

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Nominal

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -NOM (nominal) — marks free (“headless”) relatives and gerunds when they act nominally. (See section 9 [WH-Phrases] for more information about free relatives, and section 13 [Gerunds and Participles] for more information about gerunds.) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasReferentType

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReferentTypeFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1376 (referentType)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElementWithClitic

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ElementWithClitic"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Expression representing a lexeme together with its clitics (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Cliticization

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Image

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label image
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2249
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment graphical representation (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2249)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LayoutElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Masdar

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label masdar
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2224
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment property that expresses a verbal idea under an abstract form. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2224) the verbal noun present in Arabic and various Caucasian languages, such as Georgian and North-Caucasian languages. This grammatical term is an Arabic word, used later as a specialized, technical term to name the verbal noun in Arabic and Caucasian grammar. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ComplementClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In noun phrases like the fact that she is late, the subordinate clause that she is late is a complement of the noun fact and should not be confused with a relative clause. (Note that the embedded clause she is late is not missing a constituent; by contrast, in a relative clause construction like the TV that she bought the other day, the clause that she bought the other day is incomplete.) The entire noun phrase should be bracketed as a sister of the head noun. (NP the fact (SBAR that (S (NP she) (VP is (ADJP late))))) (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticSpecificArticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label clitic specific determiner
clitic specific article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticSpecificDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Persian does have an article, but it marks specificity rather than definiteness. The Persian article is similar to the Balkan one (a clitic of pronominal origin that's written together with the word), except that it isn't exactly definite (you can even see it described as an indefinite article). (Ivan A. Derzhanski, p.c. 2010/06/18)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SpecificArticle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Homophone

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label homophone
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1302
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Word that sounds like another word, but is different in writiing or meaning.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#Relation
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LexicalRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Ideophone

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4192
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticUnit

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PostNominalModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, NPFunction="postmodifying", http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1945 (without restriction on nominal heads ?)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Postmodifying is a function of an adjective that can modify, describe, or qualify a preceding noun. (EAGLES) modificationType: Refers to the prenominal or postnominal positions of determiners which distinguish different forms. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1931)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunctionWithFiniteClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "weil" introduces a clause with a finite verb. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TransitiveSubject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#A
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment First argument of a transitive or ditransitive verb. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#A)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticSubject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeficientVerb

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3007
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo This is an ill-defined concept originating from ISOcat. It is however, not possible to circumscribe it in OLiA as it lacks an established concept of deficiency. Despite the unsatisfactory definition, this was thus adopted in OLiA for compatibility with ISOcat, but marked as deprecated.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment verb lacking certain morphosyntactic properties
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuotativeMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Quotative, MTE VForm="quotative" (Estonian)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.
‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.
(Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan.Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuotativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AnimateGender

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Animate
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment One of the two grammatical genders, or classes of nouns, the other being inanimate. Membership in the animate grammatical class is largely based on meanings, in that living things, including humans, animals, spirits, trees, and most plants are included in the animate class of nouns (Valentine 2001: 114). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Animate)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Comparative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1421
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb which denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another. In English the structure of a comparative consists normally of the positive form of the adjective or adverb, plus the suffix -er, or (especially in the case of longer words) the modifier "more" (or "less") before the adjective or adverb. The form is usually completed by "than" and the noun which is being compared, e.g. "he is taller than his father is", or "the village is less picturesque than the town near by is". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OpenQuote

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#OpenQuotationMark
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment quotation mark, opening
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quote

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpletiveArgument

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf. (Eisenberg 1999 2001), (Pütz 1986)). ... The formal subject obligatorily occurs with weather verbs, e.g. "Es regnet" and unpersonal or agentless constructions such as "Es gibt so eine Buchung" or "Es geht um populäre Unterhaltung." Some verbs optionally permit an expletive subject but also occur with referential subjects such as "Max/Es kopft an der Tür." A formal object is found in constructions like "jmd. legt es an auf etw." or "jmd. verdirbt es mit jmdm." In all examples mentioned, es functions as a grammatical argument without semantic contribution, i.e. it does not refer to a person, object, or event. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.60f)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpletivePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verbal

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Verbal
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In MULTEXT-East a characteristic of abbreviated verbs (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Verbal)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativePunctuation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label interrogative punctuation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2087
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation used when the sentence is interrogative. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2087)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Human

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Human
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For Slavic languages, animacy, and in particular, Humanness, defines so-called "sub-genders" that manifest themselves in the accusative ending of masculine and neuter singular nouns. Humans are by definition animate. (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Human)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Animate

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PredicativeMarker

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label predicative marker
marque predicative
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Bambara Reference Corpus, http://cormand.huma-num.fr/gloses.html
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment no definition given
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MentalAbilitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3313
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment MentalAbilitiveModality indicates that an agent has the capacity to perform some mental action [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 192; Palmer 2001: 77].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbilitativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondFamiliar

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersonalPronoun attribute Politeness="Familiar". The EAGLES attribute politeness (polite/ familiar) is limited to second-person pronouns.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. The feature SecondFamiliar applies to the corresponding unmarked forms for informal conversiation in such languages. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Second

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InitialField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo In the canonical sentence, the initial field is the first position in the sentence, hence grouped under Fronting.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fronting
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FutureInFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FutureInFuture, classified as absolute-relative tense here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment FutureInFutureTense locates the situation in question in the future, relative to a temporal reference point that itself is located in the future relative to the moment of utterance. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FutureInFuture)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteRelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PastInFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PastInFuture
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Locates the situation in question in the future, prior to a reference time in the future.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteRelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ModalityMarkingAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced for http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#NegativeModalAdverb in the EMILLE tagset (Hardie 2003) for Urdu
despite the deviating terminology, this seems to be a subconcept of VerbalParticle, and maybe, it corresponds to ModalParticle (but only if the DCR definition is incorrect)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A modality-marking adverb is a verbal particle that serves to indicate mood, aspect and/or tense (cf. Schmidt 1999). Note that this is not to be confused with the conventional meaning of "modal adverb" in the sense of "manner adverb" (cf. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_modal_adverbs), hence the uncommon name. Ruth Laila Schmidt (1999) Urdu, an essential grammar, Routledge, London.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TransitiveObject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#P
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Second argument of a transitive verb, transitive object (P) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#P)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectObject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InallativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inallative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is inside the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards in(side)'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inallative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseSquareBracket

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Santorini 1991
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ] *RSB* Right square bracket (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RightParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LetterNumeral

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1937
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Numeral expressed with letters.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#String

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProcessedRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#processedRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The entity that undergoes a Process (Dik, 1997:118). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#processedRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FutureInPast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FutureInPast, classified as absolute-relative tense here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment FutureInPastTense locates the situation in question in the future, relative to a contextually determined temporal reference point that itself must be located in the past relative to the moment of utterance. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FutureInPast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteRelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticComplement

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo according to the PennTreebank definition (Bies et al. 1995), arguments are complements
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The complement is attached inside the VP, NP, ADJP, or PP. Verbs: The term “complement” as it is used here refers to: 1. internal arguments such as NP objects, S and SBAR with no adverbial dash tags (including some if-clauses, as in I wonder if the Cubs are winning), and quoted constituents (including SINV and FRAG) 2. the passive logical-subject by-phrase 3. VP 4. constituents tagged -BNF, -CLR, -DTV, -PRD, and -PUT (S (NP-SBJ-1 the guide) (VP was (VP given (NP *-1) (PP-DTV to (NP Arthur)) (PP by (NP-LGS Ford))))) Nouns: Since it is difficult to consistently annotate an argument/adjunct distinction, all PP modifiers of nouns are Chomsky-adjoined to the NP: (NP (NP a teacher) (PP of (NP chemistry))) Adjectives: Except in comparatives, any modifier following an adjective is bracketed as a complement. (ADJP eager/likely/ready (S to believe anything)) Prepositions: The NP or S complement of a preposition is placed inside the PP. (Bies et al. 1995)
A complement is a phrase that fits a particular slot in the syntax requirements of a parent phrase (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_%28linguistics%29). An additional (morpho)syntactic constituent that may be subcategorized for by the predicate. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticComplement)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PositionerRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#positionerRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The entity controlling a Position (Dik, 1997:118) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#positionerRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActorMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DemonstrativeDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Determiner with DetType="Demonstrative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Demonstratives are deictic expressions (they depend on an external frame of reference) which indicate entities a speaker refers to, and distinguishes those entities from others. Demonstratives are usually employed for spatial deixis (using the context of the physical surroundings), but in many languages they double as discourse deictics, referring not to concrete objects but to words, phrases and propositions mentioned in speech. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AttributivePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbessiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Abessive, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1223
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment AbessiveCase expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning of the English preposition 'without' (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 3,35; Gove, et al. 1966: 3). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Abessive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Headline

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -HLN (headline) — marks headlines and datelines. Note that headlines and datelines always constitute a unit of text that is structurally independent from the following sentence. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FormalRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label formal register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1992
subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Formal register. (12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1992)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BoundClitic

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label bound
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf cliticness (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1933 (bound as value of cliticness http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1933), originally from MULTEXT-East, see http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#BoundClitic, but note that as it is used in MULTEXT-East, BoundClitic is ambiguous between "being" a bound clitic and "containing a bound clitic". Here, only the first aspect is preserved, is is thus a subclass of CliticElement.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Linked to a particular element. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1933)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuperterminativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superterminative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SuperterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region over the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'into the region over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superterminative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:18
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle, shorthand for ContrastiveParticle and EmphaticParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasOwnerGender

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label owner gender
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1416
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indication concerning the gender of the person that ownes something. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1416)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteMultiplicativeQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3024 (IndefiniteMultiplicativeNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A word indicating imprecise number of times something happened.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QualitativeVerb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label qualitative verb
verbe qualitatif
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from the Bambara Reference Corpus (BRC, http://cormand.huma-num.fr/gloses.html)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment no definition given
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseAngleBracket

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Santorini 1991
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment > *RAB* Right angle bracket (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RightParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:19
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adverb with Wh-Type="Interrogative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Interrogative adverbs are used to introduce questions, e.g. "When are you coming?" (Angelika Adam)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHTypeAdverbs

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment MainClause is the class of clauses that can stand on their own as a full, independent sentence. If a sentence contains any embedded clauses, the main clause is understood as the matrix plus the embedded clauses. In the sentence 'John thinks that Mary is sick', 'John thinks that Mary is sick' is the main clause [Crystal 2001, 231]. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/MainClause) The independent clause can stand by itself as a grammatically viable simple sentence. Multiple independent clauses can be joined (usually with a comma and a coordinating conjunction) to form a compound sentence (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#mainClause with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IronicRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label ironic register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1994
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register for irony. (12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1994)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MultiplicativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MultiplicativeCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A case used in the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, e.g., tizennegyedszer/tizennegyed, tucatszor/tucat, tízezredszer/tízezred (hu) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MultiplicativeCase)
The multiplicative case is a grammatical case used for marking a number of something ("three times"). The case is found in the Hungarian language, for example nyolc (eight), nyolcszor (eight times). The case appears also in Finnish as an adverbial (adverb-forming) case. Used with a cardinal number it denotes the number of actions; for example, viisi (five) -> viidesti (five times). Used with adjectives it refers to the mean of the action, corresponding the English suffix -ly: kaunis (beautiful) -> kauniisti (beautifully). It is also used with a small number of nouns: leikki (play) -> leikisti (just kidding, not really). In addition, it acts as an intensifier when used with a swearword: piru -> pirusti. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_case)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InchoativeAspect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label inchoative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2002
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Aspect that expresses the beginning of an event or state.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Dual

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label dual
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf grammaticalNumber (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1879
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Form used in some languages to designate two persons or things. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1879)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Trial

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label trial
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf grammaticalNumber (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1407
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Grammatical number referring to 'three things', as opposed to 'singular' and 'plural'. (en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_number; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1407)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EchoWord

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label reduplicative
echo word
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4209
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Ancorra for Indian languages, http://purl.org/olia/ancorra.owl#EchoWord
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each"), separation ("sit separately"), variety, diversity or just emphasis. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4209, reduplicative) Echo word is a linguistic term that refers to a particular kind of reduplication which is a widespread areal feature in the languages of South Asia. Echo words are characterized by reduplication of a complete word or phrase, with the initial segment or syllable of the reduplicant being overwritten by a fixed segment or syllable. In most languages in which this phenomenon is present, echo words serve to express a meaning of "... and such; and things like that." In some cases the echo word may express a depreciative meaning as well. Echo words in Hindi are typically created with a fixed initial v: aam "mango" aam vaam "mangoes and the like" tras "grief" tras vras "grief and the like" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_word)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Reduplication
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Word

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ModalParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label modal particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
TOCHECK: is this definition correct ? Could it be that ModalParticle actually means "VerbalParticle marking mood" ? (Cf. ModalityMarkingAdverb)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1920
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle which functions as a modal. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1920)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TitleInRunningText

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -TTL (title) — is attached to the top node of a title when this title appears inside running text. -TTL implies -NOM. The internal structure of the title is bracketed as usual. (See section 12 [Titles] for more information about the bracketing of titles.) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeterminalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DeterminalPronoun
Not to be confused with pronominal determiners
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The Estonian determinal pronouns _ise_, _end(a)_ `(one)self'." combine aspects of emphatic pronouns and reflexive pronouns. It could also be described as an intensifier that is formally identical with the reflexive pronoun or as an emphatic reflexive pronoun. (Ivan A. Derzhanski, Heiki-Jaan Kaalep, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DeterminalPronoun; Insa Gülzow (2006), The acquisition of intensifiers: Emphatic reflexives in English and German child language, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 258)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContallativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contallative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ContallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contallative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CharacteristicAdjective

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#CharacteristicAdjective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment It is an adjective, which expresses the character and feature of subject or an object, while modifying a noun. ང་འ ་ ང ་ འ ག། Shing-di rim du 'The tree is tall' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FamilyName

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced as generalization over http://purl.org/olia/ubyPos.owl#nounProperSecondName
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In most European cultures, family names have been introduced into name formulas to identify a person's family, so that individuals with the same given name can be distinguished. (CC)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProperNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relativeClause
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A relative clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun. For example, the noun phrase [the man who wasn't there] contains the noun [man], which is modified by the relative clause [who wasn't there] (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relativeClause with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause and Dik 1997) There are three di erent types of relative clauses in English (be careful not to confuse relative clauses and complement clauses): (i) wh-relative clauses (a guy who(m) I know), (ii) that-relative clauses (a guy that I know), and (iii) zero relative clauses (a guy I know). (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OnomatopoeticWord

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label onomatopoetic word
onomatopée
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel onomatopée
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Bambara Reference Corpus "Onomatopée", http://cormand.huma-num.fr
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment no definition given
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImmediatePast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImmediatePast, classified as Past here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ImmediatePastTense locates the situation in question at a time considered very recent in relation to the moment of utterance (Comrie 1985: 87). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImmediatePast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CosubordinateClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#non-embeddedSubordinateClause Termed "cosubordination" here in accordance with van Valin and LaPolla (1997)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinateClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersonalPassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PersonalPassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Passive in which the argument mapped to Object in a basic structural configuration assumes the Subject relation in a corresponding nonbasic configuration. (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PersonalPassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SimplePreposition

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label simple preposition
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf preposition (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1900
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Preposition that is a pure simple word in contrast with the notion of fused preposition. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1900)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PhasalAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#phaseAspect, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Phasal
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A set of aspectual distinctions involving relations between a background situation (the reference situation) and a situation located relative to the reference situation (the denoted situation). In English, phasal distinctions are expressed by auxiliary-headed constructions, like the inceptive, progressive, and perfect constructions, whose head verbs express the aspectual class of the denoted situation. The aspectual class of the denoted situation differs from that of the reference situation (Michaelis 1998:xv). An event may have a beginning and an end, a middle portion (continuing or changing), and also an ensuing result or an altered state. These are considered to be the various “phases‽ of an event. A speaker may talk about an event from the point of view of any of these individual phases, and his language may have inflectional (or other type of) markers for representing these distinctions. Since such markers indicate distinctions in the temporal structure of an event, we may regard them as belonging to the category of aspect. It has been suggested (Dik 1989: 186) that these may be grouped under a subcategory (or “level") of aspect called “phasal aspect". (Bhat 1999:49) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Phasal)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessiveRelativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:20
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3005
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo here "Pronoun" seems to refer to attributive pronoun, as the corresponding possessiverelativeDeterminer is not found in ISOcat (substitutive possessive relative pronouns [without accompanying noun] do exist, but are comparably marked, cf. "I remember whose lines these are." vs. "I remember certain lines and whose they are." In this example, the latter is actually an elliptical construction with an elided head noun)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A relative pronoun whose antecedent is the possessor of the subject or object in the relative clause.

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OtherSourceEvidentiality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3367
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An indication that the source of information is someone other than the speaker. [Aikhenvald 2006: 106]
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvidentialityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Root

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label root
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2231
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment base of a word (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2231)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEvidentiality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvidentialityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FusedPrepArt

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adposition with Type="FusedPrepArt"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The additional value Fused prep-art is for the benefit of those who do not find it practical to split fused words such as French au (= à + le) into two text words. This very common phenomenon of a fused preposition + article in West European languages should preferably, however, be handled by assigning two tags to the same orthographic word (one for the preposition and one for the article). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1ap 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OldUsage

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label old
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1961
subClassOf dating (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Used in the past. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1961)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TemporallyDefinedUsage

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExperiencerRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#experiencerRole, originally a subconcept of UndergoerMacroRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An experiencer instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who takes the event in through sensory means in some way. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#experiencerRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SupertranslativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Supertranslative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SupertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory above the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the region over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Supertranslative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseQuote

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#CloseQuotationMark
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment quotation mark, closing
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quote

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImpersonalPassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImpersonalPassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Passive that alters the mapping of a nominal to the Subject relation in a basic intransitive structure (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImpersonalPassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PartitiveArticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: Check relationship with PartitiveDeterminer
EAGLES Article with Article-Type="Partitive". (optional for French)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A partitive article indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function. An example is French du / de la / des, as in Voulez-vous du café? ("Do you want some coffee?" or "Do you want coffee"). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar) 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OpenParenthesis

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label open parenthesis
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1442
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Beginning of a pair of parenthesis. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1442)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FirstPersonPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Pronoun with Person="First". As only personal and reflexive pronouns show person differentiation, FirstPersonPronoun is modelled as a subclass of PersReflConcept here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A FirstPersonPronoun refers to the speaker, or to both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsFirstPersonDeixis.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndicativeVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES FiniteVerb with VerbForm="Indicative"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indicative mood is used in factual statements. All intentions in speaking that a particular language does not put into another mood use the indicative. It is the most commonly used mood and is found in all languages. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood#Indicative_mood 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Interjection

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Interjection (I).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An interjection is a form, typically brief, such as one syllable or word, which is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation. It typically expresses an emotional reaction, often with respect to an accompanying sentence and may include a combination of sounds not otherwise found in the language, e.g. in English: psst; ugh; well, well (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInterjection.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CaseMarker

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010). If its tradition of grammar description is influenced by the Indian, these case markers are variously described as case morphemes or as postpositions. Therefore introduced as a shorthand for Adposition or MorphologicalParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:21
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Contraction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Uby POS, undocumented, http://purl.org/olia/ubyPos.owl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment no definition given
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VoiceParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo generalization over EAGLES: http://purl.org/olia/eagles.owl#MediopassiveVoiceParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment E.g., the mediopassive (middle) voice marker se in the Portuguese EAGLES scheme. (Leech and Wilson 1996)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessorRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with Stanford Parser Dependency Labels
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Semantic role as used by the Stanford Dependency Parser
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Elative, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1276, note that the latter conflates ElativeDegree and ElativeCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ElativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location out of which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'out of' (Lyons 1968: 299; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 64; Crystal 1985: 106; Gove, et al. 1966: 730). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Elative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AblativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Ablative, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1224
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case used to indicate locative or instrumental function. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1224) AblativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Ablative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StructuralExpletive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf. (Eisenberg 1999 2001), (Pütz 1986)). (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.60) In German, a purely structural dummy element ... occurs in Vorfeld position only and is not correlated with any argument of the clause. It does not agree with the verb which becomes evident if there is a plural subject in the Mittelfeld: "es zahlen ihn die Völker, deren Menschenrechte angeblich verteidigt werden." It is ungrammatical in the Mittelfeld, e.g. *". . . dass es ihn die Völker zahlen".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpletivePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InfinitiveParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label infinitive particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1896, taxonomic organization follows http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#InfinitiveParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle used to express infinitive. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1896)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeAdjective

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE for Urdu, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#RelativeAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Relative adjectives express similarity or a comparison. (Schmidt 1999, p.218, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#RelativeAdjective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PostHodiernalFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PostHodiernalFuture, classified as Future here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PostHodiernalFutureTense locates the situation in question after the span that is culturally defined as 'today' (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 247). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PostHodiernalFuture)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CardinalNumber

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Numeral with Type="Cardinal".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A cardinal numeral is a numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, used in counting, and used in expressing how many objects are referred to. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACardinalNumeral.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PurposeRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -PRP (purpose or reason) â ´ marks purpose or reason clauses and PPs. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexiveMiddle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: Check Siewierska (1988:257)
http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReflexiveMiddle, but the definition given there ("Subjects perform action to self") may be oversimplistic as it entails that ReflectiveMiddle is the *same* as Reflexive. In my current understanding, reflexive middle is a middle construction that makes use of grammatical devices that normally indicate reflexivity, cf. the definition of ReflexivePassive. The definition given below is a generalization that covers the original definition as well.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Reflexive middle makes use of grammatical devices that normally indicate reflexivity. (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersReflPronoun with SpecialPronounType="Reflexive".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that has coreference with the subject. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAReflexivePronoun.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReciprocalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersReflPronoun with "Special PronounType"="Reciprocal".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a mutual feeling or action among the referents of a plural subject. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAReciprocalPronoun.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Macron

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label macron
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1327
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Mark placed over a long vowel to mark quantity. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1327)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Diacritic

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Conjugated

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label conjugated
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2207
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Property of a verbal form when inflected (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2207)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inflected

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonreducedInflection

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CompoundAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Nonreduced adjective inflection of Slavic languages, e.g., Czech nejubožejšími/ubohý, nejvyspělejších/vyspělý, nejvyšších/vysoký, nejvznešenějšímu/vznešený, nejvážnějšímu/vážný, nejvýznamnějších/významný, nejvýznamnějšími/významný, nejvýznamnějšímu/významný, největšími/velký (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CompoundAdjective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunctionWithNegation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeSubordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conjunction/Sub_Type="negative" (Romanian, Serbian, Russian) In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules. The attribute Sub_Type distinguishes among the positive and negative conjunctions, providing means to control verbal double negation, (as in case of the negative pronouns, determiners and adverbs): nici NU am venit, nimeni NU vorbeşte, nici_un tren N-a trecut, nicăieri N-am văzut (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeSubordinatingConjunction)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InfinitiveVerbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Ancorra, http://purl.org/olia/ancorra.owl#InfiniteVerbChunk
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment VGINF Infinitival Verb Chunk This tag is to mark the infinitival verb form. In Hindi, both, gerunds and infinitive forms of the verb end with a -nA suffix. Since both behave functionally in a similar manner, the distinction is not very clear. However, languages such as Bangla etc have two different forms for the two types. Examples from Bangla are given below. b8. Borabela ((snAna karA))_VGNN SorIrera pokze BAlo 'Morning' 'bath' 'do-verbal noun' 'health-gen' 'for' 'good' ‘Taking bath in the early morning is good for health” b9. bindu Borabela ((snAna karawe))_VGINF BAlobAse 'Bindu' 'morning' 'bath' 'take-inf' 'love-3pr' “Bindu likes to take bath in the early morning” In Bangla, the gerund form takes the suffix –A / -Ano, while the infinitive marker is –we. The syntactic distribution of these two forms of verbs is different. For example, the gerund form is allowed in the context of the word darakAra “necessary” while the infinitive form is not, as exemplified below: b10 Borabela ((snAna karA))_VGNN darakAra 'Morning' 'bath' 'do-verbal noun' 'necessary' “It is necessary to take bath in the early morning” b11. *Borabela ((snAna karawe))_VGINF darakAra Based on the above evidence from Bangla, the tag VGINF has been included to mark a verb chunk. (Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonfiniteVerbPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PartitiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TDS ontology; http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Partitive; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2003
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The partitive case is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific identity". (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#partitiveCase with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive) PartitiveCase expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part. This case may be found in items such as the following: existential clauses, nouns that are accompanied by numerals or units of measure, or predications of material from which something is made. It often has a meaning similar to the English word 'some' (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 161; Richards, Platt, and Weber 1985: 208; Quirk, et al. 1985: 249; Gove, et al. 1966: 1648; Sebeok 1946: 1214). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Partitive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdjectivalModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#adjectivalModifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A nominal is modified by an adjective. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#adjectivalModifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BenefactiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Benefactive; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1247
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment BenefactiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause (Crystal 1980: 43; Gove, et al. 1966: 203). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Benefactive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectWHQuestion

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SBARQ|Direct question introduced by a wh-word or wh-phrase. See Section 5.32. Indirect questions and relative clauses should be bracketed as SBAR, not SBARQ. (Santorini 1991) Wh-questions should be bracketed as SBARQ. The wh-constituent (whether it is a subject or not) is a child of SBARQ; the rest of the question is an SQ. If the wh-constituent is a subject or an object, the position where it is interpreted should be represented by the empty element T. (Santorini 1991) The SBARQ label marks wh-questions (i.e., those that contain a gap and therefore require a trace). A further level of structure, SQ, contains the inverted auxiliary (if there is one) and the rest of the sentence. The inverted auxiliary in wh-questions is not labeled. ... SBARQ â ´ Direct question introduced by a wh-word or wh-phrase. See section 1 [Overview of Basic Clause Structure]. Indirect questions and relative clauses should be bracketed as SBAR, not SBARQ. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectQuestion

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PrepositionalCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Prepositional case is an in EAGLES optional value of CaseFeature for Spanish pronouns and determiners. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2v 15.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In many grammars, the term "prepositional case" is to refer to case marking that only occurs in combination with prepositions. Normally, this is an oblique case, e.g., the Russian 6th case, also referred to as "locative". (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InclusiveEmphaticParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE for Urdu, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#InclusiveEmphaticParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Urdu, bhî is an emphatic particle meaning 'even'. In opposition to contrastive tô and exclusive hî, bhî is inclusive: maim *bhî* faisalâ karûm gâ "I'll *also* make a decision" maim *hî* faisalâ karûm gâ "*I'm the one who* will make the decision." (Schmidt 1999, p.237, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#InclusiveEmphaticParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inclusive
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExclusiveEmphaticParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE for Urdu, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ExclusiveEmphaticParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Urdu, the exclusive emphatic particle hî emphasizes the preceding word and excludes something else (which may not be expressed). (Schmidt 1999, p.233, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ExclusiveEmphaticParticle) Compare with the inclusive emphatic particle bhî: maim *bhî* faisalâ karûm gâ "I'll *also* make a decision" maim *hî* faisalâ karûm gâ "*I'm the one who* will make the decision." (Schmidt 1999, p.237, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#InclusiveEmphaticParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticParticle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Exclusive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ComitativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Comitative; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1255
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ComitativeCase expresses accompaniment. It carries the meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by' (Anderson, Stephen 1985: 186; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 42;Dixon, R. 1972: 12; Gove, et al. 1966: 455). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Comitative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Proximal

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticProximalDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The referent denoted by a distal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English that) is usually spatially more remote or discoursally less salient as compared to a referent denoted by a proximal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English this) (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ProximityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjectival

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Adjectival
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In MULTEXT-East a characteristic of attributive pronouns and abbreviated adjectives, e.g., in Ukrainian e.g., абичий/= бозна-чий/= будь-чий/= дечий/= хтозна-чий/= чий-будь/= чий-небудь/= чийсь/=, абичийого/абичий аби до чийого/абичий бозна-чийого/бозна-чий будь-чийого/будь-чий дечийого/дечий хтозна-чийого/хтозна-чий чийого-будь/чий-будь чийого-небудь/чий-небудь чийогось/чийсь, абичийого/абичий бозна-чийого/бозна-чий будь-чийого/будь-чий дечийого/дечий хтозна-чийого/хтозна-чий чийого-будь/чий-будь чийого-небудь/чий-небудь чийогось/чийсь, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий абичиїм/абичий аби на чийому/абичий аби на чиєму/абичий аби на чиїм/абичий бозна на чийому/бозна-чий бозна на чиєму/бозна-чий бозна на чиїм/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий будь-чиїм/будь-чий будь на чийому/будь-чий будь на чиєму/будь-чий будь на чиїм/будь-чий дечийому/дечий дечиєму/дечий дечиїм/дечий де на чийому/дечий де на чиєму/дечий, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий бозна-чийому/бозна-чий бозна-чиєму/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий дечийому/дечий дечиєму/дечий хтозна-чийому/хтозна-чий хтозна-чиєму/хтозна-чий чийому-будь/чий-будь чиєму-будь/чий-будь чийому-небудь/чий-небудь чиєму-небудь/чий-небудь чийомусь/чийсь чиємусь/чийсь, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий бозна-чийому/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий дечийому/дечий хтозна-чийому/хтозна-чий чийому-будь/чий-будь чийому-небудь/чий-небудь чийомусь/чийсь, абичию/абичий бозна-чию/бозна-чий будь-чию/будь-чий дечию/дечий хтозна-чию/хтозна-чий чию-будь/чий-будь чию-небудь/чий-небудь чиюсь/чийсь, абичия/абичий бозна-чия/бозна-чий будь-чия/будь-чий дечия/дечий хтозна-чия/хтозна-чий чия-будь/чий-будь чия-небудь/чий-небудь чиясь/чийсь, абичиє/абичий бозна-чиє/бозна-чий будь-чиє/будь-чий дечиє/дечий хтозна-чиє/хтозна-чий чиє-будь/чий-будь чиє-небудь/чий-небудь чиєсь/чийсь (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Adjectival)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WithFinite

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, reimplemented within SubordinatingConjunction taxonomy
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "weil" introduces a clause with a finite verb. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SubordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FocusMarker

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4196
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo In compliance with ISOcat, this is defined here as a morpheme. However, focus markers can be independent words, as well.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment a morpheme indicating that the element it marks is the focus of the utterance.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DynamicAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#dynamicityAspect
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment dynamic aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#dynamicityAspect)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuballativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Suballative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SuballativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is under the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the region that is under'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Suballative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#conditionalClause
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conditional clauses refer to a hypothetical situation, in English they are introduced by 'if' or 'unless'. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#conditionalClause)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HortativeModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label hortative force
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2010/HortatoryForce
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A term sometimes used in the grammatical analysis of verbs, to refer to a type of modal meaning in which an exhortation is made. An example of a hortative usage ('a hortative') is the 'let us' construction in English ('let us pray'). [Crystal 2008: 232] (http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2010/HortatoryForce)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActionalModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PurposiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adapted from ILPOSTS (for Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#PurposiveAspect
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The purposive aspect appears to add the notion of intention or probability, both negative and positive. (Steckley, 2007, p. 14, about Huron) (John Steckley, 2007, Words of the Huron, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SimpleCoordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SimpleCoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Romanian MTE v4 specs, Conjunction/Coord_Type="simple" is defined in contrast to repetitive and correlative coordinating conjunctions. In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father). (MTE v4), e.g., aşa_că, va_să_zică (ro) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SimpleCoordinatingConjunction)
Simple applies to the regular type of coordinator occurring between conjuncts: German und, for example. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReferentialVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReferentialVoice, classified as Antipassive here in analogy with ObliquePassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment entails assignment of the absolutive to certain kinds of arguments other than the logical subjects (A) and objects (P), including the dative, benefactive, malefactive, and possessor. (Klaiman 1991:239) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReferentialVoice)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Antipassive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresentParticipleAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label present participle adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf participleAdjective (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1597
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adjective based on a present participle. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1597)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParticipleAdjective
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresentParticiple

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AditiveCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label aditive case
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: rename to AdditiveCase
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1229
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case expressing "to" in Basque studies. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1229)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSubjectNumber

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label subject number
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:22
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced for double agreement of transitive verbs, e.g., in Hungarian, see http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FirstSgSecondSg
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Number of the subject of a transitive verb. (By default, this is the meaning of hasNumber).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumber

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AllusivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label allusive pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2223
subClassOf pronoun (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment pronoun that have reference to something characterized by allusions. (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2223) an invariable pronoun expressing a specific intention by means of unclear term (Khemakhem Aida, 2010-05-10 via isocat-morpho@loria.fr) examples from Arabic (Monica Monachini 2010-05-06 via isocat-morpho@loria.fr): "kam nahaituhu" (how often I forbade him, Hans Wehr), "baas Saar `amra `ashr isniin, gam (= kam) yriid paysikil" (He just turned ten, and here [how] he wants a bicycle, Georgetown University Iraqi Arabic-English Dictionary), "gam (= kam) yurguS imnil-faraH" ([how] he jumped for joy, Georgetown University Iraqi Arabic-English Dictionary)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FirstInclusive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FirstInclusive, modelled here as subconcept of First
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Refers to the speaker, hearer(s) and possibly others. Contrasts with FirstPersonExclusive (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FirstInclusive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inclusive
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#First

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NegativeAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo to be modelled as SemanticRole (cf. CausalAdverb) ?
http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverb/Type="negative" are used in the Serbian and Romanian MTE v4 specs, e.g., for Romanian nicăieri - nowhere, niciodată - never. (MTE v4) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeAdverb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HesternalPast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HesternalPast, classified as Past here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment HesternalPastTense locates the situation in question somewhere in the span beginning with the period defined culturally as 'yesterday' and extends back through some period that is considered nonremote (Comrie 1985:87-88; Dahl 1985:126). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HesternalPast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Paucal

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label paucal
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf grammaticalNumber (dcif:conceptualDomain)
TODO: rename to PaucalNumber, because of the existence of PaucalQuantifier in MULTEXT-East
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1350
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Number that specifies 'a few' things. (en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paucal_number; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1350)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InablativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inablative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from within which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from within'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inablative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocationAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:23
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo ILPOSTS, http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#LocationAdverb DEPRECATED: equivalent to Adverb and hasSemanticRole some LocationRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NegativeParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label negative particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1894
subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle used to express negation. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1894)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EssiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Essive, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1281
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment EssiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location at which another referent exists (Lyons 1968: 299,301; Gove, et al. 1966: 778; Crystal 1985: 112; Blake 1994: 154-5). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Essive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Composition

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Ancorra, http://purl.org/olia/ancorra.owl#Compound
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word formation that creates compound lexemes (the other word-formation process being derivation). Compounding or Word-compounding refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words. In other words, compound, compounding or word-compounding occurs when a person attaches two or more words together to make them one word. The meanings of the words interrelate in such a way that a new meaning comes out which is very different from the meanings of the words in isolation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_%28linguistics%29)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalProcess

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NumeralBoth

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1938
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo The ISOcat definition entails that this just represents the value of "2". I guess, this is not true, but that this Numeral is actually a DualQuantifier (and should be renamed as such), otherwise, it should be eliminated
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Numeric value for two.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NominalNumber

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chunkgu et al. 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#NominalNumber)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Nominal numbers are used to identify or refer the things. It does not show the quantity or rank. Example: ངེ་གི་ འགལ་འཕིན་ ཨང་གངས་ འདི་ ༡༧༦༤༩༠༣༧ ཨིན། NGIGI DRUELTHRIN ANGDRANG 'DI 17649037 INN my mobile number is 17649037 be “ My mobile number is 17649037.” (Jurmey Rabgay, email Sep 20, 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#NominalNumber)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FullDefiniteArticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label full article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1928
DCR: "full article" in dcif:conceptualDomain definiteness, remodelled as a property of DefiniteArticles here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For definiteness, when a specific form is the syntactic subject of the clause. (DFKI; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1928)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DefiniteArticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PluperfectTense

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PastInPast, classified as absolute-relative tense here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PastInPast tense locates the situation in question prior to a reference time in the past. Also known as PluperfectTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PastInPast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteRelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UnitNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Sajjad (2007), http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#MeasuringUnit, TOCHECK: are units in Urdu Nouns ?
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measuring units are frequently used with numerals. However, they have a different syntactic structure than numerals (Sajjad 2007). In European languages, Units are generally expressed as nouns, e.g., English "ten/Numeral kilogram/Unit". "Kilogram" can also be used as a common noun: "The kilogram is losing weight" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12276822) Hassan Sajjad (2007), Urdu Part of Speech Tagset, version 1.0.0.0, 07-12-2007, Center for research in Urdu Language Processing. National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, http://www.crulp.org/Downloads/langproc/UrduPOStagger/UrduPOStagset.pdf
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HonorificCommonNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ན་བཟའ་/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun གོ་ ལ་/gola/(cloths), གསངས་/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb སབ་/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. བངམ་/jun/(created), the past particle form of བང་/jung/(create). (Chungku et al. 2010) A noun, which indicates respect for the person being addressed, e.g., Miwang Gel-poi Yab “A king's father” [Though father=Apa, but colloquially we say YAB in Dzongkha] (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Perfect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Perfect
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1351, modelled as an absolute tense here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A verb tense that refers to completed action in the past. It corresponds to three English tenses. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1351)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NamedEntity

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label named entity
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2275
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment segment of text for which one or many rigid designators stands for the referent (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2275)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NecessitativePassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NecessitativePassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A passive in Irish in which the preposition "with" is used, and a semantic meaning of necessity is added. (Noonan 1994:280) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NecessitativePassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmbeddedInfinitive

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label infinitival clause
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withInfinitiveAsHead, http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#InfinitivalClause
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An infinitive is the head of the embedded construction. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withInfinitiveAsHead) Infinitival relatives. See section 14 [Infinitives] for more information. (NP (NP a movie) (SBAR (WHNP-1 0) (S (NP-SBJ *) (VP to (VP see (NP *T*-1)))))) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Neuter

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#neuterGender
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Neuter gender is a grammatical gender that includes those nouns, articles, pronouns, etc. having referents which do not have distinctions of sex, and often includes some which do have a natural sex distinction. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsNeuterGender.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WeakInflection

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment German adjectives take the endings of the weak inflection when a determiner expresses number, gender and case. The weak adjective inflection has only two endings: –e and –en. (http://www.canoo.net/services/OnlineGrammar/Wort/Adjektiv/Deklinationstyp/Schwach.html 20.11.06) In other Germanic languages, similar systems exist. Weak inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Ellipsis

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment *?* â ´ placeholder for ellipsed material ... *?* is now available in the following great-tasting flavors: (VP *?*), (ADJP-PRD *?*), (PP-PRD *), (NP *?*), (S *?*), (SBAR *?*). These act as placeholders for a missing predicate or piece thereof, especially in comparative constructions and other environments where predicate deletion occurs. Although the missing material represented by *?* is often identical to another constituent in the same sentence, the two are never coindexed. Postmodifiers of the verb (including traces) may be attached under (VP *?*), but not to any other null element, including the other *?* null elements and (VP *T*). Note that policy for *?* was never finalized, so its use varies to some extent. In general, *?* is used by the annotators as a last resort (short of the FRAG analysis) for the annotation of clauses with â ¼missingâ ½ material. Nonetheless, there are certain constructions that are particularly likely to contain *?*: (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Apocope

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label apocope
apocopate
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2254
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment deletion of the final element in a word (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2254)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PhonologicalProcess

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Definite

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#definite, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2004
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Value referring to the capacity of identification of an entity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2004) An entity is specified as definite when it refers to a particularized individual of the species denoted by the noun. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#definite) Definite noun phrases are used to refer to entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DefinitenessFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VegetableGender

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3541
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Vegetable gender refers to inanimates and exists in some four-way gender systems, e.g., masculine, feminine, neuter, and vegetable as in Bininj Gun-wok [Evans 2003: 202].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InanimateGender

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHCleft

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Wh-clefts are constructions in which a wh-clause functions as the subject of a sentence. A simple example is What matters is the price. Here, the wh-clause What matters is the subject, and is the price is the predicate. The internal structure of the subject is: (NP (SBAR (WHNP what) (S (NP T) (VP matters)))) (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Augmentative

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3094 (augmentativeSize)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo modelled as a derivational process analoguously to Diminuitive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A special form of a noun that signals that the object being referred to is large relative to the usual size of such an object [Crystal 1980: 34].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Derivation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Ditransitive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo SUSANNE (Sampson 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A predicate/verb that takes two arguments, e.g., English "to give", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdjectivalAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdjectivalAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adjectival adverb is an adverb that is formally identical to an adjective.
MULTEXT-East Adverb/Type="adjectival" (Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian)
Bulgarian AdjectivalAdverbs have the same form as adjectives in Gender = neuter, Person = 3, Number = singular. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdjectivalAdverb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresumptiveMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from ILPOSTS (http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#PresumptiveMood) for Indian languages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The presumptive mood is used in Romanian to express presupposition or hypothesis regarding the fact denoted by the verb, as well as other more or less similar attitudes: doubt, curiosity, concern, condition, indifference, inevitability. For example, acolo s-o fi dus "he might have gone there" shows the basic presupposition use, while the following excerpt from a poem by Eminescu shows the use both in a conditional clause de-o fi "suppose it is" and in a main clause showing an attitude of submission to fate le-om duce "we would bear". De-o fi una, de-o fi alta... Ce e scris și pentru noi, Bucuroși le-om duce toate, de e pace, de-i război. Be it one, be it the other... Whatever fate we have, We will gladly go through all, be it peace or be it war (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood#Presumptive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresumptiveModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessedCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Possessed
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PossessedCase is used to mark the noun whose referent is possessed by the referent of another noun. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Possessed)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasOwnerPerson

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label owner person
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1929
does not entail hasPerson: hasPerson pertains to agreement
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indication concerning the person that ownes something. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1929)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseCurlyBracket

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label close curly bracket
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2085
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is graphically represented by } (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2085)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RightParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IrrealisMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#irrealisModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Irrealis modality indicates the situation to which it pertains is non-actual or non-factual. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#irrealisModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IrrealisModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CausativeVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3847
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment voice where the subject causes someone or something else to do or be something
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessionMarker

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced for Urdu wala, as used in the tagset by Sajjad (2007, http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#Wala)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Urdu, wālā can be added to substantives to derive nouns implying possession or general relationships, e.g., go-wāl, or go-wālā, s.m. cow-keeper, cow-herd (from go, 'cow'), or ghar-wālā, s.m. master or owner of the house (from ghar, 'house') (Plats 1884, cf. http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#Wala)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HangingTopic

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label hanging topic
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#HangingTopic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment HangingTopic constructions are closely related to LeftDislocation. Unlike LeftDislocation, the dislocated element and its resuming pronoun do not necessarily agree in case, number and gender. (Petrova and Odebrecht 2011, http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#HangingTopic)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fronting

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FamiliarSecondPersonPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersonalPronoun with Politeness="Familiar". The EAGLES attribute politeness (polite/ familiar) is limited to second-person pronouns.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. The concept FamiliarSecondPersonPronoun applies to the corresponding unmarked forms for informal conversiation in such languages. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondPersonPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BenchLevelRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label shop term
bench-level register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1989
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register of terms used in applications-oriented as opposed to theoretical or academic levels of language. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1989)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IntransitiveSubject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#S
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Intransitive argument (S), single argument of an intransitive verb or only argument in a one-place predicate (frame). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#S)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticSubject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NotTemporallyAnchored

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo A replacement for TDS Habitual that is modelled here as an Aspect: Habitual tense pertains to verbs which refer to an action that occurs repeatedly. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#habitualTense)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment To be used for actions that are not bound to a particular reference point.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Apposition

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with TIGER, definition according to PTB Bracketing Guidelines (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Apposition is a relation between two phrases: (1) the nucleus phrase and (2) an appositive phrase, generally set o by punctuation, which modi es the nucleus phrase. An example of apposition is given in (@11). (11) Ryukichi Imai, Japan’s ambassador to Mexico, agrees that Mexico may be too eager. Here, Ryukichi Imai is the nucleus phrase, and the phrase enclosed in commas, Japan’s ambassador to Mexico, is the appositive. Instances of apposition should be represented as adjunction structures (see Section 3.1). (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Causative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Causative, cf. Anticausative
TODO: rename to CausativeVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Expressing the causation of an action. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Causative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActiveVoice

https://mtp.linked.solutions/

http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic https://mtp.linked.solutions/olia

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PromotionalInverseVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PromotionalInverse
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Involves promotion of the topical proximate-patient to subjecthood. (Givon 1994:24) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PromotionalInverse)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InverseVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteVerbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RarelyUsed

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label rarely used
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1986
subClassOf frequency (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Said of a term that is almost never used. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1986)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ComplementizerField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The C-Feld occurs in verb-final clauses in German (exception: the conjunction als in subordinated sentences of comparison als w¨are es nie geschehen.). It is obligatorily occupied in finite verb-final clauses if there is no conjunction in the Linke Klammer. In non-finite verb-final clauses the C-position may be empty. This field can be occupied by conjunctions of sentential objects (e.g. daß, ob) or sentence initial conjunctions like um, obwohl, wenn and also by complex interrogative or relative phrases, e.g. ..., ’um wieviel Geld’ geht es dabei? / ..., ’an der’ Max Daniel Professor f¨ur Klavier ist. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.17)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#ConditionalAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverbial that denotes a condition. (Petrova and Odebrecht 2011)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InitialCoordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When two distinct words occur, as in German "weder...noch...", then the first is given the Initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ItCleft

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -CLF (cleft) — marks it-clefts (“true” clefts) and may be added to the labels S, SINV, or SQ. See section 16 [Clefts]. (SQ-CLF Was (NP-SBJ it) (NP-PRD (NP John's) car) (SBAR (WHNP-6 0) (S (NP-SBJ you) (VP borrowed (NP *T*-6)))) ?) (Bies et al. 1995) S-CLF (it-cleft or “true” cleft) Declarative it-clefts are labeled S-CLF, expletive it is tagged as the surface subject (-SBJ), the SBAR is attached at VP-level, and a trace is coindexed to the wh-complementizer of the clefted portion. (See section 16 [Clefts] for more information.) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GeneralizationWord

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3033
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A word that does not carry its own meaning but generalizes the meaning of a neighboring word, adding the "etc." sense.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Foreign

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label mot etranger
foreign word
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Category Residuals with Type="ForeignWord".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A foreign word is a text word which lies outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, it occurs quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mr 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InvertedComma

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label inverted comma
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1443, used as left-parenthetical punctuation in German single quotes
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Inverted comma. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1443)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Comma

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label comma
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1448
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Mark (,) used in writing to show a short pause or to separate items in a list. (Longman DCE 2005; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1448)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceMedialPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PastParticipleAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label past participle adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1596
subClassOf participleAdjective (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adjective based on a past participle. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1596)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParticipleAdjective
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PastParticiple

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeterminerPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z, NOTE: not to be confused with "determiner phrase" in generative grammar, which would be a NounPhrase in most annotation frameworks
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Certain pronouns serving as determiners in noun phrases may be premodified, for instance, by degree adverbs such as in German "so viele ¨Altere", "gar kein Schutz", etc. In the case of "so viele Ältere", the premodifying adverb so is attached to the indefinite pronoun viele. Together, they form a determiner phrase (DP), which is attached to the head noun Ältere on the same level: [so viele] Ältere (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.63)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImpersonalVerb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Impersonal
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1306
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment (of a verb) having no logical subject. Usually in English the pronoun it is used in such cases as a grammatical subject, as for example in It is raining. (of a pronoun) not denoting a person (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=impersonal; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1306)
An impersonal verb is a verb that - occurs only in third person singular forms - has no specified agent , and - has a dummy subject or no subject. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnImpersonalVerb.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1306)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb
_:24

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdjectivalParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from the EMILLE Urdu tagset (Hardie 2003, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#AdjectivalParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle that serves to form adjective phrases, e.g., Urdu sā (http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#AdjectivalParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PointOfViewAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#viewPointAspect
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment point of view aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#viewPointAspect)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ZeroComplementizer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment 0|Zero represents a zero complementizer (= subordinating conjunction); it may need to be deleted. The zero complementizer is generally the counterpart of the overt complementizer that. Example: Iâ ¹m sure 0 heâ ¹ll be here any minute. ... 0 stands in for overt subordinating conjunctions like that in tensed subordinate clauses, including relative clauses. So the relative clause the man I saw should be bracketed as follows: (NP (NP the man) (SBAR 0 (S (NP I) (VP saw) (NP T))))) (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IntensiveNoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3859
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:25
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo deprecated, as merely a shorthand for CommonNoun and hasEmphasis some Emphatic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun that emphasizes another noun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdjutativeVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3844
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment voice for a construction where the subject of the verb is not an agent of the action denoted by the verb but is assisting an unstated agent in performing the action
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuotativeVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Quotative, MTE VForm="quotative" (Estonian)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.
‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.
(Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelevanceAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relevanceAspect
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment relevance aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relevanceAspect)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterlativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interlative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InterlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'to the middle of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interlative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdessiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Adessive, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1228
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment AdessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location near/at which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'at' or 'near' (Crystal 1997: 8). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Adessive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinationParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label coordination particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2227
subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment particle for coordination (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2227)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OnceNoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3853
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo onceNoun [DC-3853] ``noun conveying the meaning that the action is performed once''. Clearly, this noun carries a meaning that is closely related to aspect information (e.g., SemelfactiveAspect), but as aspect is a verb-centered concept, it would have been counter-intuitive to model this as Noun and hasAspect some SemelfactiveAspect. Hence, this concept is directly adopted in the OLiA Reference Model, but marked as deprecated until an ontologically satisfying modeling of aspect-related features of nouns has been achieved.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun conveying the meaning that the action is performed once
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Nominalization

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: compare against Lehmann, Handbuch Relativsätze
Nominalization is the process of forming a noun from (mostly) a verbal form, often marked morphologically or via zero derivation. (Hasmik Sargsian and Christian Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Derivation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FuturePerfect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativeFuture, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1292
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RelativeFutureTense locates the situation in question after a contextually determined temporal reference point, regardless of the latter's relation to the moment of utterance. Also called FuturePerfectTense (Comrie 1985:69-71). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativeFuture) A verb tense that refers to an action or state of being completed in the future. Translation into English requires the use of the auxiliary verbs will/shall have. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1292) A tense of verbs describing an action that will have been performed by a certain time. In English this is formed with will have or shall have plus the past participle. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=future+perfect; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1292)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MultiplicativeMarker

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced for Urdu gunâ (http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#MultiplicativeMarker)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Urdu, multiplicative numerals are formed by adding the suffix gunâ (Schmidt 1999, p. 260,http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#MultiplicativeMarker)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Classifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Added for compatibility with the SFB632 annotation guidelines.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A classifier is a word or affix that expresses the classification of a noun. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClassifier.htm 19.09.06) Classifiers are a very typical feature of sign languages. In some Asian languages, classifiers are used as particles to combine a noun with a numeral, e.g. chin. _san ge ren_ 'three pieces of people', 'three people' (Bußmann 2002, under Klassifikator) Bharati et al. (2006, for Indian languages) group Classifiers together with Quantifiers and Numerals, but they do not provide a detailed characterization of this class. Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TerminativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/TerminativeCase, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1401
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case that indicates to what or where something ends. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1401) TerminativeCase expresses the notion of something into but not further than (ie, not through) the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'into but not through'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/TerminativeCase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonAgentiveVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#NonAgentiveVerb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A non-agentive verb is a type of verb, which indicates an action without the doer. Example: ང་མ་ འ ར་ ས། 'lungma phur-dä 'A wind is blowing' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MixedInflection

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment German mixed inflection takes its name from the fact that it has endings from both the strong inflection and the weak inflection. The mixed inflection is used after the indefinite article "ein" and after "irgendein" e.g. "(irgend) ein kleines Kind", after "kein" or after possessive pronouns e.g. "ihr kleines Kind". (http://www.canoo.net/services/OnlineGrammar/Wort/Adjektiv/Deklinationstyp/Gemischt.html?MenuId=Word3132 20.11.06) Mixed inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuperablativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superablative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Superablative expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from over which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superablative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Positive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1420
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Value used in a comparison relationship when no comparison is involved. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1420) The Positive is the form of an adjective or adverb on which comparative and superlative are formed. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Bullet

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label bullet
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1438
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Sign used to mark an item in a list. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1438)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LayoutElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FocusAntipassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FocusAntipassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Blocks the P or logical object (basic absolutive) nominal from being assigned Focus salience. Topic salience is available for assignment to various arguments, including the P, but Focus salience is always assigned to A, and is therefore inaccessible to P or any other nominal. (Klaiman 1991:236) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FocusAntipassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Antipassive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ModifierAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ModifierAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverb/Type="modifier" is used in the English, Romanian and Hungarian MTE v4 specs. For Romanian, Adverb/Type="modifier" applies to adverbs which can have predicative role, that is they can govern a subordinate sentence (ex. Fireşte că o ştiu -- Certainly I know it). Here (for uniformity within a multilingual environment), they are squeezed into the modifier class. (MTE v4) e.g., better (en) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ModifierAdverb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonGender

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Common is an optional attribute for nouns in EAGLES. The Common gender contrasts with Neuter in a two-gender system e.g. Danish, Dutch. This value is also used for articles, pronouns and determiners especially for Danish. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2at 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TimeNoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3855
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:26
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo deprecated, as merely a shorthand for Noun and hasSemanticRole some TimeRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun expressing time

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Distal

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticDistalDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The referent denoted by a distal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English that) is usually spatially more remote or discoursally less salient as compared to a referent denoted by a proximal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English this) (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ProximityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BaseForm

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo SUSANNE (Sampson 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Strong inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens. In traditional English tagsets, e.g., SUSANNE or the PennTreeBank tagset, surface ambiguities are normally not resolved. Uninflected forms and forms that have the same form (e.g., "be" as an imperative) are tagged as BaseForm. (Ch. Chiarcos) Since it is impractical (...) to resolve automatically the ambiguity of these six morphological functions, it is a common practice to assign a single value to the base form, or else to assign two values, one for the finite and one for the non-finite functions. Because of this, the tables below show two tagsets: one tagset representing the 6 attribute-values above, and a reduced tagset (`RTags'), which resembles most tagsets so far used for the English language in reducing the six values to two. http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/morphsyn/node150.html#SECTION00054000000000000000 BaseForm is not a characteristic of lexemes, but specific to certain forms in a complex paradigm.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WithComparative

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, reimplemented within SubordinatingConjunction taxonomy
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "als" is followed by various kinds of comparative clause (including clauses without finite verbs). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SubordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Masculine

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#masculineGender
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Masculine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns, articles, pronouns, etc. having human or animal male referents, and often marks nouns having referents that do not have distinctions of sex. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsMasculineGender.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Conjunct

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TIGER edge label CJ
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment TIGER edge label CJ
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BeAuxiliary

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label be
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1246
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Verb used to link the subject of a sentence and its noun or adjective complement or complementing phrase in certain languages. This verb could be used also to form the passive voice. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=be -> 4); http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1246)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrictAuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FirstExclusive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FirstExclusive, modelled as a subconcept of First here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Refers to the speaker and one or more nonparticipants, but not hearer(s). Contrasts with FirstPersonInclusive (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FirstExclusive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#First
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Exclusive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PreverbalParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1455 (preverbalParticleLmf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexivePassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReflexivePassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Passive construction which contains reflexive markings. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReflexivePassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbilitativeMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Adopted from ILPOSTS (for Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#AbilitativeMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Abilitative is a mood that indicates ability, comparable to the use of "can" in English. (http://zbb.spinnwebe.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=34901)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbilitativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftSentenceBracket

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DistributivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from ILPOSTS (for Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Distributivity is a property of Pronominals
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When the subject is conjoined, the reflexive cannot refer to only one of them. The proform has to be a distributive pronoun, i.e., the reduplicated form, when it has coreference to respective subjects, e.g., *kumaarum_i/Kumar.and umaavum_j/Uma.and tan_i+j/self-poss puunekki/cat.to paalu/milk kuDuttaanaanga/give-pst-aggr. "*Kumar_i and Uma gave milk to his_i/her_j cat." (Annamalai 2000, p. 189, on Tamil) Unlike reciprocals, the two parts of a distributive pronoun cannot be considered as two full, independent NPs. In "awar/1 awar/2", only "awar/2" is case marked; "awar/1" is its citation form. Also, the two parts cannot be separated by intervening material (cf. English "one another"). (Jayaseelan 2000, p. 149, on Malayalam) (K.A. Jayaseelan, 2000, Lexical anaphors and pronouns in Malayalam, In: Barbara C. Lust, Kashi Wali, James W. Gair, K.V.Subharao (eds.), Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns in Selected South Asian Languages. A Principled Typology, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 113-168) (E. Annamalai, 2000, Lexical anaphors and pronouns in Tamil, , In: Barbara C. Lust, Kashi Wali, James W. Gair, K.V.Subharao (eds.), Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns in Selected South Asian Languages. A Principled Typology, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 169-216)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NominalQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label quantifier noun
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:27
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo shorthand for Quantifier and Noun, adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A noun which quantifies one or more things, regardless of subject and an object. ང་གིས་ བམོ་ ལ་ དང་ ཕད་ཅི། NGAGI BUM 'NGA 'DA CHECI I girl five with met “I met with five girls.” (Jurmey Rabgay, email Sep 20, 2010)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HabitualMood

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HabitualAspect
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from ILPOSTS, http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#HabitualMood, I assume that HabitualMood is equivalent with HabitualAspect, hence no corresponding HabitualModality has been introduced
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment "Habitual" is normally considered to be an aspect. Occasionally, it is, however, also described as a mood, e.g., by Bittner (2008, p. 354) for Kalaalisut (Greenlandic). Maria Bittner (2008), Aspectual universals of temporal anaphora, In: Susan Deborah Rothstein (ed.), Theoretical and crosslinguistic approaches to the semantics of aspect, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, p. 349-386.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EpistemicNecessityModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label categorical modality
epistemic necessitiy modality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3180
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment EpistemicNecessityModality indicates that the expressed proposition is known to be true. Also known as CategoricalModality [Palmer 2001: 37, 68-69].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DegreeAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label specifier adverb
degree adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adverb with Adverb-Type="Degree".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Any adverb which modifies an adjective, an adverb, a verbal particle, a preposition, a conjunction or a determiner is a degree adverb. (http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/Portal/MTPE/tagsetDescriptionEN.doc, p. 113, 8.1 Degree Adverbs 23.09.06) Also known as specifier adverb (http://www.unlweb.net/unlarium/dictionary/export_tagset.php)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PerlativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perlative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PerlativeCase expresses that something moved 'through','across', or 'along' the referent of the noun that is marked (Blake 1998: 38, 203). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perlative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExtentRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -EXT (extent) â ´ marks adverbial phrases that describe the spatial extent of an activity. -EXT was incorporated primarily for cases of movement in financial space, but is also used in analogous situations elsewhere. (S (NP-SBJ the Dow Jones Industrial Average) (VP plunged (NP-EXT 190.58 points))) (S (NP-SBJ She) (VP walked (NP-EXT 5 miles))) Obligatory complements do not receive -EXT: (S (NP-SBJ The sumo wrestler) (VP gained (NP 80 pounds))) Words such as fully and completely are absolutes and do not receive -EXT. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalAdverb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#VerbalAdverb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverb/Type="verbal" applies to adverbs derived from from verbs (verbal adverbs) in the Serbian, Macedonian and Hungarian MTE v4 specs. Macedonian verbal adverbs (gerunds) like odejkji are thus not considered as verbal forms, but as Adverb/Type="verbal". (MTE v4) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#VerbalAdverb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FacultativePrepositionalObject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z edge label FOPP
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment facultative (i.e. optional) prepositional object, e.g., passivized subject (von-phrase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PrepositionalObject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReducedInflection

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NominalAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Reduced adjective inflection of Slavic languages, e.g., Czech e.g., brillská/brillský, neznámo/neznámý, samo/sám, samy/sám (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NominalAdjective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Formula

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES category Residual with the attribute Type="Formula".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A formula (mathematical formulae) is a text word which lies outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, it occurs quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mr 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CausalAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:28
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CausalAdverb
DEPRECATED: equivalent to Adverb and hasSemanticRole some CauseRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverb/Type="causal" is used in the Hungarian MTE v4, but no examples are provided. (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CausalAdverb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectSpeech

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with TIGER
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in accordance with TIGER
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NarrativeType

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InfrequentlyUsed

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label infrequently used
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1985
subClassOf frequency (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Said of a term that does not appear frequently. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1985)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IntertranslativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intertranslative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment IntertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory between the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the in between. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intertranslative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonInitialCoordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When two distinct words occur, as in German weder...noch..., then the second is given the Non-initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ThirdProximative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ThirdProximative, modelled here under Third
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Proximative refers to one or more non-participants that are in some way distinct/closer to the speaker than other non-particpants. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ThirdProximative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Third

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeductiveEvidentiality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3150
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment DeductiveEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through a sound inference procedure. [Palmer 2001: 6-8].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvidentialityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SociativeCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label sociative case
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1388
TODO: check whether this is really different from comitative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case related to the person in whose company the action is carried out, or to any belongings of people which take part in the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1388)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterablativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interablative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InterablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from between which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from inbetween'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interablative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObjectControl

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#ObjectControl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indicates the object of the main clause is also the (omitted) object of the subclause (http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#ObjectControl)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Control

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubtranslativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subtranslative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SubtranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory underneath the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the region underneath'. Unfortunate name clash with 'Superlative' as a feature of adjectives. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subtranslative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Negation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label negative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1839
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment denotes the negation or the absence (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1839) http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Negated: Negative="yes" encodes negative verbal word-forms in Slavic languages and Estonian. (MTE v4) In Slovak, for example, verbs form negative by prefix 'ne-', with the exception of the verb "byť" (E. "to be") which forms the negative in indicative by using separate particle "nie", e.g. "nie je" (is not). Here, Slovak "je" would be marked as negative, despite having positive form. In Resian, negative is always marked as 'n' except for two verbs: 'nïman' / not to have, 'nïsi' / not to be. (MTE v4)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PolarityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessiveArticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PossessiveArticle
not to be confused with PoessiveDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Romanian, the possessive article (also called genitival article) is an element in the structure of the possessive pronoun, of the ordinal numeral (e.g. al meu (mine) and al treilea (the third)), and of the indefinite genitive forms of the nouns (e.g. capitol al cărţii (chapter of the book)), e.g., -al/al, a/al, ai/al, al, ale/al, alor/al (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PossessiveArticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubjunctiveVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: remodelling by properties
EAGLES finite verbs with VerbForm="Subjunctive".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A subjunctive verb is typically used to expresses wishes, commands (in subordinate clauses), emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, and statements that are contrary to fact at present. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessiveParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label possessive particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1895
subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle expressing ownship. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1895)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FormalCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FormalCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Hungarian, `essive-formal' is in some descriptions simply called `formal', with the affix _-képp(en)_ and meaning (`in the form of ...', they probably meant when they came up with the term). In the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, essive-formal and formal are distinguished. (Ivan A. Derzhanski, email 2010/06/15, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FormalCase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Dative case marks indirect objects (for languages in which they are held to exist), or nouns having the role of a recipient (as of things given), a beneficiary of an action, or a possessor of an item. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsDativeCase.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IntranslativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intranslative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment IntranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving through the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along through'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intranslative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonEmphatic

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with ILPOSTS, cf. http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticPronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In languages where emphasis can be grammatically marked, the unmarked form would be considered NonEmphatic, see #Emphatic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EmphasisFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasObjectPerson

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label object person
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2279
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment person for the object of the verb (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2279)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OtherAnimacy

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label other animacy
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf animacy (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1953
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Perceived as related to animacy, but without specific reference to the previous items. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1953)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AnimacyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MalefactorRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#maleficiaryRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A maleficiary (malefactor) instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who stands to undergoe a misfortune, or be at a disadvantage in some way from the event. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#maleficiaryRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProlativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1368
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case for a noun or a pronoun that expresses motion within a place or a period of time needed for an event. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1368)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#BenefactorRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#beneficiaryRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A beneficiary (benefactor) instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who stands to benefit in some way from the event. Prototypically “benefit” here means “to do or be good to, to be of advantage or profit to; to improve, help forward” in some way. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#beneficiaryRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FusedPronounAuxiliary

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3008
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment word resulting from the aggregation of a pronoun and an auxiliary
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonpromotionalInverseVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonpromotionalInverse
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Involves demotion of the non-topical obviate-agent from subjecthood. (Givon 1994:24) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonpromotionalInverse)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InverseVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PeriodicAdjective

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#PeriodicAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment It is an adjective, which expresses the time or period of the circumstances, while modifying a noun. ན་ ང་ ང་ ་ ལ་ ་ འ ་ ། Nahing Nga chigyel-lu joyi 'I went abroad last year' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Accusative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In nominative-accusative languages, accusative case marks certain syntactic functions, usually direct objects. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsAccusativeCase.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConjunctionPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Penn bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Multi-word conjunction Besides the usual and, or, but, etc., certain prepositions and subordinating conjunctions can be used as coordinating conjunctions. Multi-word coordinating conjunctions are labeled CONJP (see section 7 [Coordination]). ... CONJP — Conjunction Phrase. Used to mark certain “multi-word” conjunctions, such as as well as, instead of. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Conjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RecentPast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RecentPast
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RecentPastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, but by culturally and situationally defined criteria, usually within the span ranging from yesterday to a week or a few months previous (Comrie 1985:87; Dahl 1985:121-122). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RecentPast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Point

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label point
dot
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1445
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Sign (.) used to expresses the end of a sentence or an abbreviation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1445)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceFinalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AversiveCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3096
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment AversiveCase expresses fear or is literally translated as 'turning from' in some languages [Blake 2001: 156].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteArticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Article with Article-Type="Indefinite".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An indefinite article is used before singular nouns that refer to any member of a group. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%28grammar%29 18.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SlangRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label slang register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An extremely informal register of a word, term, or text that is used in spoken and everyday language and less commonly in documents. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PurposiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with the ILPOSTS tagset for a case marker (postposition) in Indian languages, cf. http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#PurposiveCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Purposive marks the goal of an activity, e.g., 'going out FOR (i.e. to catch) KANGAROOS'; 'call them FOR (i.e. to eat) FOOD'. The common purposive suffix -gu is a recurrent suffix on verbs ... The purposive case suffix is often used on a nominalised clause (and this may possibly be the origin of the verbal purposive). (Dixon 2002, p.134, on purposive case in [several] Australian languages) R.M.W. Dixon (2002), Australian Languages. CUP, Cambridge
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ShortDefiniteArticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label short article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1927 (short article)
DCR: subClassOf definiteness (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For definiteness, when a specific form is not the syntactic subject of the clause. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1927)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DefiniteArticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CollectiveNumeral

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment e.g., czworga/czworo, czworgiem/czworo, czworgu/czworo, czworo/czworo, dwoje/dwoje, dwojga/dwoje, dwojgiem/dwoje, dwojgu/dwoje, jedenaścioro/jedenaścioro (pl, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)
Numeral/Type="collect" (Romanian)
In traditional Romanian grammars, expressions like amândoi "both", toţi trei "all three" are referred to as collective numerals. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)
e.g., ambelor/ambii, ambilor/ambii, amânduror/amândoi, amândurora/amândoi, câteşipatru, tuspatru (ro, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)
e.g., обата, обајцата, обете, шеесетминава/шеесетмина, шеесетминана/шеесетмина, шеесетмината/шеесетмина, шеснаесетминава/шеснаесетмина, шеснаесетминана/шеснаесетмина, шеснаесетмината/шеснаесетмина (mk, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)
e.g., dvadesetora/dvadesetoro, dvoja/dvoje, dvoje, dvoji/dvoje, dvojih/dvoje, dvojim/dvoje, oboje, tridesetora/tridesetoro, troja/troje (sr, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RomanNumeral

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1936
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Numeral expressed with roman digits.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#String

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AgentDeletionPassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AgentDeletionPassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The object of the active retains its old case-marking in the passive, the subject of the active cannot appear in the passive clause, and the passive tends to be semantically active. (Givon 1988:419) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AgentDeletionPassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ForeignPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Single foreign words are projected to a syntactic level assigned the node label FX, which is an universal label for any syntactic category (phrasal and sentential) in the respective foreign language. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.44)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PerfectiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perfective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The perfective aspects (inceptive, punctual and completive) view the situation as a bounded entity, and often put an emphasis on its beginning or end. (Bybee 1985:21) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#perfectiveAspect) The Perfective aspect is an aspect that expresses a temporal view of an event or state as a simple whole, apart from the consideration of the internal structure of the time in which it occurs. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsPerfectiveAspect.htm 17.11.06) A viewpoint aspect which encodes the speaker’s willingness to attend to the endpoints of the situation referred to. Perfective aspect is the canonical mode of presentation for events (Michaelis 1998: xv). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perfective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndicativeMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: check relationship with DeclarativeMood
http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Indicative, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#indicativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The indicative is the unmarked mood. It is used when no special modal nuance in the clause or sentence is intended. It is the default mood of independent declarative and often also of interrogative sentences. (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Indikativ 18.06.07) Expression of assertion. (Bybee 1985:22) Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a stated relation of objective fact (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#indicativeModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ModalVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Added for compatibility with the SFB632 annotation guidelines. May correspond to the (optional, French-only) EAGLES feature value "semiauxiliary". http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1329
TODO: rename to semiauxiliary, this seems to be a more language-independent term
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Verb form that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibilities, permission, or intention. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1329) A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality. The use of auxiliary verbs to express modality is characteristic of Germanic languages. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_verb 19.09.06) In addition to main and auxiliary verbs, it may be useful (e.g. in English) to recognise an intermediate category of semi-auxiliary for such verbs as be going to, have got to, ought to. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1v 20.09.06) The auxiliaries in English subdivide into the primary verbs `be', `have', and `do', which can also function as main verbs, and the modal auxiliaries such as `can', `will', and `would', which are uninflected, and always function as auxiliaries. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/morphsyn/node158.html#SECTION00054800000000000000)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubjunctiveParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SubjunctiveParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Romanian MULTEXT-East scheme, a verbal particle with Particle/Type="future" modifies the verbs and marks the verb as being subjunctive, e.g., s-/să, să (Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SubjunctiveParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OpenAngleBracket

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Santorini 1991
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment < *LAB* Left angle bracket (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteCardinalQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label indefinite cardinal numeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3023 (indefiniteCardinalNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ndefiniteCardinalNumeral: A word used to express imprecise quantity.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FacetiousRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label facecious register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1991
subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register related to an expression that is intended to be clever and funny but that is really silly and annoying. (Longma DCE; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocativeCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label locative case
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case that indicates a final location of action or a time of the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHAdjectivePhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment WHADJP â ´ Wh-adjective Phrase. Adjectival phrase containing a wh-adverb, as in how hot. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdjectivePhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EpistemicPossibilityModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3181
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment EpistemicPossibilityModality indicates that the designated state of affairs is not known not to be true.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ThemeRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with SFB632 Theme
TODO: check definition, AFAIK Theme also applies to the third (non-ACTOR, non-UNDERGOER) argument (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Theme is a general term covering the notions of patient that means an entity affected by the action, of result that means an entity effected by the action, i.e. which emerges out of the action, or of theme that means an entity effected by the action, i.e. which emerges out of the action. (Dipper et al. 2007: §5.3.3)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InvertedQuestionMark

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label inverted question mark
inverted interrogative point
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2088
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation used in certain languages at the beginning of an interrogative sentence. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2088)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RecipientRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#recipientRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A recipient instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who recieves an entity in some way from the event.

Prototypically “recieve” here means “to take in one’s hand, or into one’s possession (something held out or offered by another); to take delivery of (a thing) from another” in some way. (OED)

(http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#recipientRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Infinitive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES NonFiniteVerbs with VerbForm="Infinitive"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An infinitive is the base form of a verb. It is unmarked for inflectional categories such as the following: Aspect, Modality, Number, Person and Tense. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInfinitive.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label relative particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2229
subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment relative particle (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2229)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReciprocalMiddle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReciprocalMiddle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Referents of plural subject do action to one another. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReciprocalMiddle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObliqueRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#obliqueRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A semantic role which is not straightforward. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#obliqueCase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CompletiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label completive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-5474
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment To do something thoroughly and to completion.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DemonstrativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: This definition is nonsatisfactory, cf. Ehlich (1982) for intra-textual ("anadeictic") uses of demonstratives.
EAGLES Pronoun with Pron.-Type="Demonstrative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Demonstrative pronouns are deictic words (they depend on an external frame of reference). They indicate which entities a speaker refers to, and distinguishes those entities from others. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative_pronoun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Gapping

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The term "gapping" refers to a form of coordination in which the coordinated phrases after the rst are incomplete. For instance, the gapped equivalent of the full coordination structure in (@18a) is given in ( 18b). ( 18) a. Mary likes Bach and Susan likes Beethoven. b. Mary likes Bach and Susan, Beethoven. Gapped sequences like Susan, Beethoven should be labelled X. On the other hand, while coordination constructions containing gapped sequences involve coordination of unlike categories, it is clear that the entire coordination structure is a clause; hence, it should be labelled S. (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Simple

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Simple applies to the regular type of coordinator occurring between conjuncts: German und, for example. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContinuousAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Continuous
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Similar to progressive, however an aspect is continuous versus progressive when it is anchored to non-punctual time reference (Salaberry 2002:264). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Continuous)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MultipleNumeral

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label multiple numeral
multiplicative numeral
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MultipleNumeral, http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#MultiplicativeNumeral; As "manyfold" fits Ghostwick's definition, MultipleNumeral is modelled as a subclass of Quantifier rather than Numeral. In MULTEXT-East, "Numeral" was extended to coover non-numerical quantifiers, hence the name.
TODO: rename to MultiplicativeNumeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Multiple Numeral serves to define a complex whole, with respect to the number of its parts, e.g., English "twofold", "twice" or "manyfold". Used in morphosyntactic descriptions of, e.g., Romanian, Slovak and Czech. (Joseph Ghostwick [1878], English language -- Grammar, Historical, London, Longmans, Green, and Co.; http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MultipleNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExclamativePoint

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label exclamative point
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf partOfSpeech (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1441
MainPunctuation, not SentenceFinalPunctuation because of the Spanish inverted exclamation point (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Special sign (!) usually used in writing to mark exclamation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1441)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WeakPersonalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label weak personal pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf personalPronoun (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1414
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Personal pronoun that cannot occupy the position after a preposition and/or reinforce a strong personal pronoun. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1414)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersonalPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LightVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#LightVerb, for Farsi
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In linguistics, a light verb is a verb participating in complex predication that has little semantic content of its own, but provides through inflection some details on the event semantics, such as aspect, mood, or tense. The semantics of the compound, as well as its argument structure, are determined by the head or primary component of the compound, which may be a verb or noun (V+V or V+N compounds). Other names for "light verb" include: vector verb or explicator verb, emphasising its role within the compound; or thin verb or semantically weak verb, emphasising (as with "light") its lack of semantics. A "semantically weak" verb is not to be confused with a "weak verb" as in the Germanic weak inflection. Light verbs are similar to auxiliary verbs in some ways. Most English light verbs occur in V+N forms sometimes called "stretched verbs": for example, take in take a nap, where the primary sense is provided by "nap", and "take" is the light verb. The light verbs most common in these constructions are also common in phrasal verbs. A verb which is "light" in one context may be "heavy" in another: as with "take" in I will take a book to read. Examples in other languages include the Yiddish geb in geb a helf (literally give a help, "help"); the French faire in faire semblant (lit. make seeming, "pretend"); the Hindi nikal paRA (lit. leave fall, "start to leave"); and the bǎ construction in Chinese.[1] Some verbs are found in many such expressions; to reuse an earlier example, take is found in take a nap, take a shower, take a sip, take a bow, take turns, and so on. Light verbs are extremely common in Indo-Iranian languages, Japanese, and other languages in which verb compounding is a primary mechanism for marking aspectual distinctions. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_verb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Uninflected

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo For the EMILLE tagset (for Urdu, Hardi 2003), we need the possibility to specify that a lexeme is (un)inflected ([un]marked) *for a specific feature* (e.g., Gender, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#GenderMarking). At the moment, this cannot be expressed.
Chiarcos, cf. BaseForm in Susanne (Sampson 1995) and related schemes, and http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#UnmarkedForGender
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In many inflecting languages, there occur lexemes whose form does not change throughout the paradigm, e.g., Russian papa "dad". For such forms, the category uninflected may be assigned. However, Uninflected is not to be confused with BaseForm that applies to forms in a paradigm where overt marking exists. Uninflected is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PatientRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#patientRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A patient instantiates the role of an entity which undergoes a change of state (Cruse 2000:284) http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#patientRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VisualEvidentiality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3549
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment VisualEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through direct visual experience; they saw it [Palmer 2001: 57].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvidentialityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OmittedUnit

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment *U* â ´ unit ... This element marks the interpreted position of a unit symbol, such as $, # (British pounds), FFr (French francs), C$, US$, HK$, A$, M$, S$, and NZ$. It may also appear after % or even cents, when convenient. See section 11 [Modification of NP] for more details on the use of *U*. ... In general, *U* is placed where the word corresponding to the symbol would appear in the string if the text were read aloud. One notable exception is in certain hyphenated compound adjectives, such as a $5-a-share increase (spoken: â ¼A five dollar a share increaseâ ½). Here, the bracketing will usually not reflect the spoken order, with *U* placed as the last element in the ADJP: (NP a (ADJP $ 5-a-share *U*) increase) Sometimes, this type may lack the *U* entirely. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Letter

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label letter
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1889
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Letter. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1889)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Character

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FutureParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label future particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1919, taxonomic organization (under VerbalParticle) follows http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FutureParticle, regrouped under TenseMarkingParticle
subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle used in order to express future. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1919)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TenseMarkingParticle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TimitiveMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Timitive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment TimitiveMood expresses that the speaker fears something expressed in what is said (Palmer 2001: 13, 22). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Timitive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TimitiveModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalPredicate

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced for non-nominal predicates, normally referred to as ``predicate'' (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The predicate of the clause is represented by a verbal lexeme. (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Predicate

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonNegated

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonNegated
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Non-negated verbs carry no morphological marks of negation. In Resian, negative is always marked as 'no' except for two verbs: 'nïman' / not to have, 'nïsi' / not to be. In Slovak, verbs form negative by prefix 'ne-', with the exception of the verb "byť" (E. "to be") which forms the negative in indicative by using separate particle "nie", e.g. "nie je" (is not). Here, "je" would be marked as negative, despite having positive form. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonNegated)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PolarityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Homograph

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1300
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Word that is written like another, but that has a different pronunciation, meaning, and/or origin.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#Relation
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LexicalRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IncorporatingAntipassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/IncorporatingAntipassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Blocks the P or logical object (basic absolutive) nominal from being assigned Focus salience. This correlates with the P's morphosyntactic downgrading, whereby it becomes insusceptible to any informational salience assignment. (Klaiman 1991:236) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/IncorporatingAntipassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Antipassive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CloseFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/CloseFuture, classified as AbsoluteTense here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adopted from GOLD. No definition given.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElementDemandingClitic

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DemandingClitic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Expression representing a lexeme with cliticization whose clitics are, however, represented as a separate token
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElementWithoutClitic

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GoalRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#goalRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A goal role instantiates the (intended) end location (directional path) of an event. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#goalRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubablativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subablative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SubablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from under which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from under'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subablative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElativeNoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3860
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in compliance with ISOcat
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun to express both comparative and superlative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElativeDegree
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quadrial

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label quadrial
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf grammaticalNumber (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2000
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Property related to four elements. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2000)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SuperlativeParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label superlative particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1923
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Particle expressing superlative degree. Superlative is the comparison between more than two entities and contrasts with comparative where only two entities are involved and positive where no comparison is implied. (Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1923)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpletiveCorrelate

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf. (Eisenberg 1999 2001), (Pütz 1986)). (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.60) Extraposed clausal arguments: "Aber [es] ist übertrieben zu sagen, damit bekäme die FU erst eine Identität." (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.62)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpletivePronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DiscourseMarker

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Introduced in accordance with the TIGER and TüBa-D/Z annotation schemes (syntactic edge label)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Generally, discourse markers are expressions or phrases of greeting, apologizing, thanking, short emotional utterances, and interjections. Their node label is DM. ... Typical discourse markers are: ja, nein, hallo, oh, aha, pst, nunja, gewiß, toll, nun ja, etc. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p. 136)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExistentialPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:29
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3012
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo merely a shorthand for ExistentialParticle and Pronoun, hence deprecated
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment pronoun that indicates the existence of something or someone

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AttributiveAdjective

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adjective with Use="Attributive".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An attributive adjective is an adjective that qualifies or modifies a noun and that precedes the noun, e.g."a delicious apple", "a short letter". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective 18.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsolutiveAntipassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AbsolutiveAntipassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An Antipassive in which the P or logical object is suppressed or overtly absent. (Klaiman 1991:232) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AbsolutiveAntipassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Antipassive

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GeographicalVariant

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label geographical variant
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1851
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Description of a specific form used in a certain region as opposed to another form used in another region (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1851)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RhetoricalModifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with TIGER
TODO: check definition
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in conformance with TIGER
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Modifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubstantiveAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Substantive adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1394
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adjective that modifies an implied, but not expressed, noun. When translating such an adjective into English, you must supply the missing noun. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1394) (Chiarcos: this seems to pertain to nominalization)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ArbitraryControl

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#ArbitraryControl
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indicates either the subject or object of the main clause may be the omitted argument of the subclause (http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#ArbitraryControl)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Control

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SimplePast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Past
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, with no specification on the distance in time (Comrie 1985). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Past)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Symbol

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Category Residual with Type="Symbol".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In morphosyntactic annotation schemes, a symbol is a single graphical sign that occurs in a written text with a conventionalized meaning but that does not represent a phoneme (like ordinary characters), an orthogaphic sign (punctuation), or a number. (Christian Chiarcos) Symbols such as alphabetic characters can vary for singular and plural (e.g. How many Ps are there in `psychopath'?), and are in this respect like common nouns. In some languages (e.g. Portuguese) such symbols also have gender. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recr)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObliquePassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ObliquePassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Passive in which a basic Oblique nominal assumes the Subject relation in a corresponding nonbasic configuration. Can include locative passives, benefactive passives and instrumental passives. (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ObliquePassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VocativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES-recommended case feature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Vocative case marks a noun whose referent is being addressed. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsVocativeCase.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AddresseeRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB vocative, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -VOC (vocative) — marks nouns of address, regardless of their position in the sentence. It is not coindexed to the subject and does not get -TPC when it is sentence-initial. (SQ (NP-VOC Mike) , would (NP-SBJ you) (INTJ please) (VP close (NP the door)) ?) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AffixedPersonalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label affixed personal pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2221, modelled as a subClassOf PersonalPronoun, clitic pronouns are weak personal pronouns
subClassOf pronoun (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Personnal pronoun that is affixed. (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2221)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersonalPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Acronym

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES category Residual with Type="Acronym".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An acronym is an abbreviation, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. Acronyms are used most often to abbreviate names of organizations and long or frequently referenced terms. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TabooRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label taboo register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1996
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register that expresses a situation that people avoid because it is extremely offensive or embarrassing. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1996)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSubjectPerson

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label subject person
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2278 (subject person)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment person for the subject of the verb (in languages with double congruency) (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2278)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasPerson

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ComitativeRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with TIGER edge labels, this is explicitly not defined as a grammatical case
TODO: Check whether to be merged with ComitativeCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Comitative carries the meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by' (Anderson, Stephen 1985: 186; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 42;Dixon, R. 1972: 12; Gove, et al. 1966: 455). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Comitative) Comitative applies to an animate entity that accompanies a participant of the action. (Dipper et al. 2007, §5.3.12)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InHouseRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label in house register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1993
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register of terms that are company-specific and not readily recognized outside this environment. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1993)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunctionWithoutNegation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PositiveSubordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conjunction/Sub_Type="negative" (Romanian, Serbian, Russian) In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules. The attribute Sub_Type distinguishes among the positive and negative conjunctions, providing means to control verbal double negation, (as in case of the negative pronouns, determiners and adverbs): nici NU am venit, nimeni NU vorbeşte, nici_un tren N-a trecut, nicăieri N-am văzut (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PositiveSubordinatingConjunction)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubessiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subessive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SubessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'under' or 'beneath'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subessive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OptativeMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Optative, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#optativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Optative indicates that the speaker wishes or hopes that the expressed proposition be the case (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 179; Palmer 2001: 204). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Optative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OptativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProgressivePassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ProgressivePassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A passive in Irish in which the preposition "at" is used, and a semantic meaning of progressive tense is found (Noonan 1994:280) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ProgressivePassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OpenSquareBracket

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Santorini 1991
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment [ *LSB* Left square bracket (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasOwnedNumber

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label owned number
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1930
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indication concerning the number of the possessed thing. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1930)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumber

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PredicativeAdjective

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adjective with Use="Predicative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A predicative adjective is one which functions as part of the predicate of a sentence. This means that it is linked to the noun by a verb, often a copula (such as to be). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective 18.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExclamatoryDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Determiner with optional attribute WhType="Exclamatory"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A exclamatory determiner is used in combination with a Nominal Phrase in order to create an exclamation (a more emphatic form of statement), e.g. "What a lovely colour!", "What a wonderful day this is!" (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.27, 07.05.07; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics), 07.05.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHDeterminer

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImmediateFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImmediateFuture
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ImmediateFutureTense, also called 'close future', locates the situation in question shortly after the moment of utterance (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:94; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 244-245). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImmediateFuture)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImperativeVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES FiniteVerb with VerbForm="Imperative"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An imperative verb is used to express commands, direct requests, and prohibitions. Often, direct use of the imperative mood may appear blunt or even rude, so it is often used with care. Example: "Paul, read that book". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood#Imperative_mood 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Indefinite

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#indefinite
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An entity is specified as indefinite when it refers to a non-particularized individual of the species denoted by the noun. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#indefinite) Indefinite noun phrases are used to refer to entities which are not specific and identifiable in a given context. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DefinitenessFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SourceRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#sourceRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A source role instantiates the origin of an event or entity. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#sourceRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectionRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Impossible

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1866
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment to denote something that cannot be considered as being correct in a given language
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#UsageAndFrequencyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PoliteSecondPersonPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersonalPronoun with Politeness="Polite". The EAGLES attribute politeness (polite/ familiar) is limited to second-person pronouns. In French, for example, it is possible to treat Polite simply as pragmatic values encoded through other attributes - especially person and number. In languages where there are special polite pronoun forms (e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted), the additional Politeness attribute is required. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)
TODO: Politeness as feature rather than a concept.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondPersonPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHPrepositionalPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment WHPP|Wh-prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrase containing a wh-determiner, as in by whatever means necessary. (Santorini 1991) WHPP â ´ Wh-prepositional Phrase. Prepositional phrase containing a wh-noun phrase (such as of which or by whose authority) that either introduces a PP gap or is contained by a WHNP. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PrepositionalPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalRealisMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo ILPOSTS (Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Real is restricted to conditional participles, hence probably a subtype of ConditionalMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conditional Mood (modality) with Realis meaning (ILPOSTS)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalRealisModality
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalMood

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RaisingSubject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#RaisingSubject
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indicates the syntactic subject of the main clause is in fact the subject of the subclause. The main clause should then be interpreted as being impersonal. (http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#RaisingSubject)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Control

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: clarify relationship with pronominal adverb
adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Locative pronoun is a pronoun, which locates the object of a noun or place of anything. ་ ན་ གས་ ང་ ་ ག། Nâ[LP] PhÜntsho'ling-lu ShÔ 'Come here at Phuntsholing' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasOwnerNumber

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label owner number
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES feature for the inherent plural/singular of possessive pronouns and possessive determiners; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1417, does not entail hasNumber (against hasOwnedNumber), because hasNumber applies to agreement information
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The EAGLES-recommended attribute Possessive accounts for the fact that a possessive pronoun or possessive determiner may have two different numbers. This attribute handles the number which is inherent to the possessive form (e.g. Italian "(la) mia", "(la) nostra" as first-person singular and first-person plural) as contrasted with the number it has by virtue of agreeing with a particular noun (e.g. Italian "(la) mia", "(le) mie)". (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recc 20.11.06) Indication concerning the number of the person that ownes something. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1417) Inherent plural or singular of possessive pronouns and possessive determiners.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PhysicalAbilitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3394
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PhysicalAbilitiveModality indicates that an agent has the physical capacity to perform some action. [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 192; Palmer 2001: 77]
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbilitativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeCardinalQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label interrogative cardinal numeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3018 (interrogativeCardinalNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment interrogativeCardinalNumeral: An interrogative/relative word used to ask about quantity.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdverbialSubordinateClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with the SFB632 Annotation Guidelines (Dipper et al. 2007)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Subordinate clauses with adverbial function are annotated as ADV, e.g. "Tom sleeps when the sun rises." (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.6)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InteressiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interessive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InteressiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'between'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interessive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Nominative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In nominative-accusative languages, nominative case marks clausal subjects and is applies to nouns in isolation. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsNominativeCase.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MalefactiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Malefactive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Opposite of BenefactiveCase; used when the marked noun is negatively affected in the clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Malefactive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Personal

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label personal
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1946
subClassOf referentType (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Property that refers to the person. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1946)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReferentTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProgressiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Progressive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ProgressiveAspect, also called the continuative or the durative, encodes a single event as an ongoing process. Thus, states cannot generally be encoded with the progressive (Comrie 1976: 32-35; Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 127-139; Payne 1997: 240). An exponent of phasal aspect which expresses a stative situation that holds during the time at which an event is occurring (e. g., He is fixing the fence) (Michaelis 1998:xv). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Progressive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHNounPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment WHNP|Wh-noun phrase. Noun phrase containing (among other things) a wh-determiner, as in which book or whose daughter, or consisting of a wh-pronoun like who. (Santorini 1991) WHNP â ´ Wh-noun Phrase. Introduces a clause with an NP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing some wh-word, e.g. who, which book, whose daughter, none of which, or how many leopards. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NounPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocativePassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/LocativePassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An oblique locative nominal assumes the subject relation. (Klaiman 1991:17) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/LocativePassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterallativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interallative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InterallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is in the middle of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the middle of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interallative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IterativeAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Iterative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment IterativeAspect, also called repetitives, encodes a number of events of the same type that are repeated on a particular occasion. The time interval which is relevant to the iterative is relatively shorter than in the case of the habitual (Bybee 1985: 150; Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 127). Portrays events repeated on the same occasion (like the iterative knocking on the door) (Bhat 1999: 53) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Iterative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrongPersonalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label strong personal pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf personalPronoun (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1390
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Personal pronoun that can occupy the position after a preposition and/or reinforce a weak personal pronoun. (Eagles; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1390)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersonalPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1988
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Classification indicating the relative level of language individually assigned to a lexeme or term or to a text type. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1988)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#declarativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a type of (formal) assertion (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#declarativeModality) Unlike DeclarativeModality, a DeclarativeMood is morphologically marked.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubjunctiveMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subjunctive, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#subjunctiveModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker. (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Subjunktiv 18.06.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubjunctiveModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonlyUsed

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label commonly used
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1984
subClassOf frequency (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Said of a term that appears frequently. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1984)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExclamatoryPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES WHPronoun with Wh-Type="Exclamatory".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An exclamative pronoun is a word which marks an exclamation. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnExclamative.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DistributiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DistributiveCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The distributive case is used on nouns for the meanings of per or each, e.g., Hungarian egyenként/egy, hetenként/hét, ilyenként/ily, kéthetenként/kéthét, rekordonként/rekord, tömbönként/tömb, vércsoportonként/vércsoport In Hungarian it is -nként and expresses the manner when something happens to each member of a set one by one (e.g., fejenként "per head", esetenként "in some case"), or the frequency in time (hetenként "once a week", tízpercenként "every ten minutes"). In the Finnish language, this adverb type is rare, even rarer in the singular. Its ending is -ttain/-ttäin. The basic meaning is "separately for each". For example, maa ("country") becomes maittain for an expression like Laki ratifioidaan maittain ("The law is ratified separately in each country"). It can be used to distribute the action to frequent points in time, e.g., päivä (day) has the plural distributive päivittäin (each day). It can mean also "in (or with) regard to the (cultural) perspective" when combined with a word referring to an inhabitant (-lais-). Frequently Finns (suomalaiset) say that suomalaisittain tuntuu oudolta, että, or "in the Finnish perspective, it feels strange that". (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DistributiveCase, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive_case)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CountNumber

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CountNumber
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment MULTEXT-East feature Number="count" (Nouns in Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian), e.g., Bulgarian яка/як, язовира/язовир, яда/яд, юргана/юрган, юбилея/юбилей, ъгъла/ъгъл (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CountNumber)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ErgativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TDS Ontology
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In ergative-absolutive languages, the ergative case identifies the subject of a transitive verb. In such languages, the ergative case is typically marked (most salient), while the absolutive case is unmarked. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#ergativeCase with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonSeparable

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES; note that UbyPos extends separability to particles
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Non-separable verbs are not composed of a verb stem and a separable affix. (cf. SeparabilityFeature: Separable)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SeparabilityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Sequel

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: provide definition
added in accordance with ILPOSTS (for Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Sequel
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adopted from ILPOSTS for Indian languages. No definition or examples provided: Distance=Sequel (http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Sequel)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ProximityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DistinctiveParticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label distinctive particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf particle (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2228
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment distinctive particle (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2228)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Script

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1855
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Set of graphic characters used for the written form of one or more languages.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PreferredEvaluative

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3416
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An evaluative property of a noun that indicates the speaker regards the person or object being referred to with favor or admiration.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvaluativeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObliqueCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label oblique case
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1336; in EAGLES applied to non-subject pronouns in English and Dutch
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Case that is used when a noun is the object of a verb or a proposition, except for nominative and vocative case. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1336)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FusedPrepositionPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3009
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment word resulting from the aggregation of a preposition and a pronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSubordType

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo remodelled within the hierarchy
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GerundVerbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Ancorra, http://purl.org/olia/ancorra.owl#GerundChunk
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment VGNN Gerunds A verb chunk having a gerund will be annotated as VGNN. For example, h18a. sharAba ((pInA_VM))_VGNN sehata ke liye hAnikAraka hE. 'liquor' 'drinking' 'heath' 'for' 'harmful' 'is' “Drinking (liquor) is bad for health” h19a. mujhe rAta meM ((khAnA_VM))_VGNN acchA lagatA hai 'to me' 'night' 'in' 'eating' 'good' 'appeals' “I like eating at night” h20a. ((sunane_VM meM_PSP))_VGNN saba kuccha acchA lagatA hE 'listening' 'in' 'all' 'things' 'good' 'appeal' 'is' (Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonfiniteVerbPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonInversePassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InverseVoice
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Passive Unlike the GOLD definition, Passive is often not clearly distinguished from Inverse: According to Givón (1988), Inverse is characterized by obligatory realization of the suppressed agent, whereas the realization of the agent in a passive construction is optional (or impossible). This restrictive definition of passive does, however, conflict with the use of the term "passive" for European languages. Then, English and German "Passive" would be Inverses. Therefore, Inverse is a subconcept of Passive here. Givón's original Passive is NonInversePassive.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An agent-demoting voice construction where the realization of the demoted agent is not obligatory (against Inverse). In terminological systems that distinguish "InverseVoice" from "Passive" (e.g., Givon, 1988), this is the "Passive" concept. (Ch. Chiarcos) Associated with actions performed on the subject by an unspecified agent. (McIntosh 1984:108) Refers to the category of verb forms, typically identifies with a specific morphological marking, that encode the derived diatheses in which the agent role is not linked with a subject noun phrase (Shibatani 1995:7) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Passive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CausalMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Nowak (1996)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Inuktitut, causality is expressed by verbal inflection. Causal mood signifies causal relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CausalModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TenseMarkingAuxiliary

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Sajjad (2007) for Urdu, cf. http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#TenseAuxiliary
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An auxiliary that marks exclusively tense, e.g., in Urdu: Auxiliaries: Based on the syntactic nature of Urdu, auxiliaries are divided into two categories. Aspectual auxiliaries always occur after main verb of the sentence. Tense auxiliaries are used to show the time of the action. They occurred at the end of the verb phrase. (Sajjad 2007). In Urdu, the auxiliary gā indicates future tense when it follows a verb in the subjunctive form. (http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#GaAuxiliary)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrictAuxiliaryVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NominalPredicate

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with SFB632 annotation guidelines (Dipper et al., 2007)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A nominal predicate (noun or adjective), either with or without copula. The term nominal predicate may be used for the complements of further copulative verbs (cf. small clauses), e.g. "consider", "call", etc. (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.5)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Predicate

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterterminativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InterterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the middle of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through it. It has the meaning 'into the middle of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NearFuture

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NearFuture, classified as Future here
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment adopted from GOLD, no definition given there (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NearFuture)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OpenBracket

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label open bracket
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2082
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is represented graphically as [ (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2082)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TerminativeAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Terminative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Denotes the termination of an event (Bhat 1999: 92). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Terminative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Hyphen

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label hyphen
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2077
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is graphically presented as "-". (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2077)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceMedialPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ing

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Introduced in accordance with EAGLES, where 'Ing' is suggested as a cover term for the Gerund-Participle-Merger in English. This is, however, a language-specific phenomenon and should instead be represented by multiple inheritance from OLiA Reference Model concepts.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment English verb forms ending in '-ing' that represent either Gerunds or Participles.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Gerund
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImperfectiveAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperfectiveAspect, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Imperfective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The Imperfective aspect is an aspect that expresses an event or state, with respect to its internal structure, instead of expressing it as a simple whole. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsImperfectiveAspect.htm 17.11.06) The imperfective aspects ... do not view the situation as bounded, but rather as ongoing in either a durative, continuative or habitual sense (Bybee 1985:21) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperfectiveAspect) A viewpoint aspect which encodes the speaker’s lack of attention to the endpoints of the situation referred to. Imperfective aspect is the prototypical mode of presentation for states (Michaelis 1998:xiv). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Imperfective)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IllativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Illative; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1303
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment IllativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location into which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'into' (Lyons 1968: 299; Gove, et al. 1966: 1126; Crystal 1985: 152). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Illative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpansionVariation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1850
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Description of the kind of variation between full and abbreviated forms.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#Relation
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LexicalRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OrdinalAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label ordinal adjective
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelationalAdjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf adjective (dcif:isA)
DEPRECATED: The DCR definition and this term are incorrect. "Ordinal adjective" entered ISOcat from MULTEXT-East, where it was originally applied to relational adjectives (Slovene, Resian, Ukrainian, Czech). "Ordinal adjective" is a mistranslation from Slovene _vrstni pridevniki_ that should be properly rendered in English as "relational adjective" (Derzhanski and Kotsyba 2009). However, the Macedonian MULTEXT v.4 guidelines use this category for ordinal numerals. Due to its inherent ambiguity, this category is to be avoided.
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1338
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adjective expressing a numeric ranking. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1338) Cf. "second", "next", "last"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalComplex

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13) The Verbkomplex is a sequence of verb forms. In verb-second and verb-first clauses it consists of one or more non-finite elements or - depending on the verb - of a separable prefix. In verb-final clauses it also contains the finite verb. The rule for the linear order in general is: right determines left. If there is a finite verb in the verb complex, it is usually the right-most element. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.15)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PreHodiernalPast

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PreHodiernalPast, classified as absolute tense
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment PreHodiernalPastTense locates the situation in question before that of a contrasting HodiernalPastTense. According to Bybee, Perkins, Pagliuca 1994: 98. this category must be defined relative to a HodiernalPastTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PreHodiernalPast)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AgentiveVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An agentive verb marks the semantic role of agent or the doer of an action. Example: ་ ་ ས་ ་ ་ བསད་ ག། Dorji-gi jele sänu 'Dorji killed the cat' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Initial

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, reimplemented as subhierarchy of CoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When two distinct words occur, as in German "weder...noch...", then the first is given the Initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RaisableArgument

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:30
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo from http://lemon-model.net/lemon#RaisableArgument, deprecated because this is just a shorthand for Raising and SyntacticArgument

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PlaceNoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:31
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3857
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment noun expressing a location, equivalent to ProperNoun and hasSemanticRole some LocationRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProperNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Text

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label text
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1847
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Series of sentences expressed in a natural language. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1847)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ForceRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#forceRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A force role is one in which the instantiator (the “force”) exerts some degree of energy which initiates (or impacts on) the execution of the event. In contrast to an agent, an instantitor of a force may be an inanimate entity, such as a climactic condition. The non-controlling entity instigating a Process (=Dynamism or Change) (Dik, 1997:118) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#forceRole)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActorMacroRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativePunctuation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2086
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation used at the end a declarative sentence.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceFinalPunctuation
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterminativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment 'into in(side of)'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ApplicativeVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3846
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment voice which promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the core patient argument and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndirectObject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#R, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1310
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An indirect object is a grammatical relation that is one means of expressing the semantic role of goal and other similar roles. It is proposed for languages in which the role is distinct from the direct object and the oblique object on the basis of multiple independent syntactic or morphological criteria, such as the following: (i) Having a particular case marking, commonly dative (ii) Governing an agreement affix on the verb, such as person or number (iii) Being distinct from oblique relations in that it may be relativized A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase indicating the recipient or beneficiary of the action of a verb and its direct object (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1310) Third argument of a ditransitive verb. Ditransitive recipient (Siewierska 2004:57). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#R)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticObject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Elision

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label elision
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1277
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The omission of a syllable or vowel at the beginning or end of a word, esp. when a word ending with a vowel is next to one beginning with a vowel. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=elision; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1277)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PhonologicalProcess

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Imperfect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label imperfect
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf grammaticalTense (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1304
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Verb tense that refers to action in the past that is incomplete or ongoing. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1304)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StillPresent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativePresent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativePresent
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment RelativePresentTense locates the situation in question simultaneously with some contextually determined temporal reference point. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativePresent)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PathRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with TIGER way (directional modifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in accordance with TIGER way (directional modifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectionRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VocativeExpression

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label vocative expression
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#VocativeForm
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An expression referring to a person to which the utterance is addressed, e.g. Old High German "truhtin", "meistar" or "fater". The vocative expression typically occurs outside of the clause and not in an argument position selected by the predicate. (Petrova 2008, see http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Homonym

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label homonym
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1301
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Word that sounds the same and is written the same as another word but is different in meaning.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#Relation
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LexicalRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DigitNumeral

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1935
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Numeral expressed by Arabic digits.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#String

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fragment

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment FRAG marks those portions of text that appear to be clauses, but lack too many essential elements for the exact structure to be easily determined (e.g., answers to questions). Predicate argument structure therefore cannot be extracted from FRAGs. (Bies et al. 1995) Sentence fragments that end with sentence- nal punctuation like Not even an earthquake. should not be bracketed as S, but only with the highest appropriate label|in this case, NP. Do not attach such fragments to the preceding or following full sentence. (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Constituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#imports http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl
http://purl.org/olia/system.owl
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Oct. 2005 created by Christian Chiarcos 2006-2008 maintained by Christian Chiarcos and Angelika Adam since 2008 maintained by Christian Chiarcos 10/01/08 updated by Christian Chiarcos 10/01/25 added SyntacticUnit categorization (from GOLD [http://www.linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2008] and EAGLES recommendations [http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node29.html#SECTION00052000000000000000]) 10/01/28 removed all owl:disjointWith and owl:complementOf, these are language-specific and have to be represented in a separate language model. 10/02/17 extended SyntacticUnit categorization in accordance with the TDS ontologies (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl) Christian 10/02/18 adopted TIGER edge labels as syntactic role and semantic role 10/03/11 manual restructuring of OWL file begun 10/03/23 morphosyntactic classes revised 10/03/24 CaseFeature extended by TDS grammaticalCase, GOLD CaseValue and DCR case features DefinitenessFeature checked against TDS definitenessProperty and DCR (missing in GOLD) DegreeFeature checked against DCR (missing in GOLD and TDS) TenseFeature extended in accordance with TDS tenseProperty and GOLD TenseValue (DCR not yet) GenderFeature checked against TDS case and GOLD GenderValue (DCR not yet) SemanticRole extended in accordance with TDS semanticRoleProperty (missing in GOLD, merged with grammatical case there) PersonFeature checked and extended against GOLD and TDS MoodFeature extended in accordance with TDS modalityProperty and GOLD MoodValue AspectFeature extended in accordance with TDS aspectProperty and GOLD AspectValue Habitual remodelled as Aspect 10/03/25 SyntacticRole checked and extended against GOLD syntacticRole (properties) and DCR syntacticCategory, modifyingRelation VoiceFeature extended against GOLD VoiceValue and TDS grammaticalVoice hierarchically structured restructuring concluded 10/04/06 extended InflectionType, added Countability and Valency as features and properties (in accordance with Sampson (1995), see susa.owl 10/04/08 extensions with respect to constituent types, syntactic relations and semantic roles in accordance with Dipper et al. (2007), see sfb632.owl 10/04/13 extension wrt. the morphosyntactic profile of the DCR (ISOcat, www.isocat.org) 10/04/14 validation, PossessiveFeature removed 10/04/15-18 additions in accordance to the PTB Bracketing Guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995) 10/11/26 introduced NounHeadedPhrase for improved compatibility with dependency parsing schemes (e.g., Connexor) 10/11/29 added categories for topological fields in German (as used in TüBa-D/Z) 10/12/02 added DeterminerPhrase, ForeignPhrase, subclasses of ExpletivePronoun (TüBa-D/Z) 11/07/29 replaced url http://purl.org/olia with purl http://purl.olcl.org/olia 11/07/31-11/08/04 linking with MULTEXT-East (http://nl.ijs.si/ME/owl/multext-east.owl = http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl) Clitic deprecated (replaced by CliticElement because of the ambiguity of the category in MULTEXT-East and ISOcat) additions: hasProximity, Distal, Proximal, CliticElement, CliticDefiniteArticle, SpecificArticle, CliticSpecificArticle, hasSpecificity, Specific, Nonspecific, Cliticization, ElementWithClitic, ElementWithoutClitic, ElementDemandingClitic, DistributiveCase, FactiveCase, DirectCase, FormalCase, MultiplicativeCase, TemporalisCase, ElativeDegree, CountNumber, AspectParticle, SubjunctiveParticle, VerbalParticle, LightVerb, VerbalAdverb, NegativeAdverb, ModifierAdverb, AdjectivalAdverb, NonspecificPronoun, DeterminalPronoun, AttributivePronoun, EmphaticDeterminer, NegativeDeterminer, UniquitiveDeterminer, PossessiveArticle, hasConjunct, hasWordConjunct, hasSentenceConjunct, RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction, SubordinatingConjunctionWithNegation, SubordinatingConjunctionWithoutNegation, RelationalAdjective, PossessiveAdjective, NonreducedInflection, ReducedInflection, CollectiveNumeral, hasNumeralAgreement, DualQuantifier, PaucalQuantifier, SingularQuantifier, PluralQuantifier, Fraction, ApproximateNumeral, MultipleNumeral, ProQuantifier, InterrogativeQuantifier, IndefiniteQuantifier, DemonstrativeQuantifier, RelativeQuantifier, QuotativeVerb, QuotativeMood, NonNegated, Diminuitive, Human, AbbreviatedPronoun, FixedExpression, Adjectival, Typo, Verbal, hasObjectNumber, hasNumeralForm, ExistentialParticle 11/08/04 eliminated redundancy of olia-top:SyntacticRelation and olia:SyntacticRelation SubordType, CoordType deprecated, remodelled as subconcepts of Sub/CoordinatingConjunction 11/08/05 validation 11/08/11 VoiceParticle (from Portuguese EAGLES) 11/08/12 linking with T-CODEX (Old High German) VocativeExpression, Fronting, ConditionRole, HangingTopic (for Old High German, T-CODEX) CausalAdverb deprecated (= Adverb and hasSemanticRole some CauseRole) DeclarativeSentence = Sentence and hasMood some DeclarativeMood PresentParticiple (= Sentence and hasTense some Present) PastParticiple (= Sentence and hasTense some Past) 11/08/12-15 linking with ILPOSTS (for Indian languages) added PurposiveCase, PurposiveAspect, DistributivePronoun, ConditionalParticiple, ConditionalRealisMood, ConditionalIrrealisMood, PresumptiveMood, Sequel, AbilitativeMood, SecondHonorific, SecondNonHonorific, hasEmphasis, Emphatic, NonEmphatic, SimpleAspect EmphaticDeterminer, EmphaticPronoun deprecated CausalMood (from Nowak 1996, for Inuktitut) MannerAdverb (= Adverb and hasSemanticRole some MannerRole) {introduced as deprecated} LocationAdverb (= Adverb and hasSemanticRole some LocationRole) {introduced as deprecated} HabitualMood (= HabitualAspect) 11/08/15 olia_top:PhonologicalProcess introduced (reorganization of MorphologicalProcess) 11/08/15 linking with Ancorra and IIIT tagset (for Indian languages) GerundVerbPhrase, SpatiotemporalNoun, InfinitiveVerbPhrase, EchoWord, Composition Intensifier 11/08/15 linking with Urdu tagset (Sajjad 2007) TitleNoun, UnitNoun, AspectMarkingAuxiliary, TenseMarkingAuxiliary, Date added 11/08/16 linking with EMILLE Urdu tagset (Hardie 2003) AdjectivalParticle, ModalityMarkingAdverb, OpenQuote, CloseQuote, ContrastiveParticle, EmphaticParticle, MultiplicativeMarker, ExclusiveEmphaticParticle, InclusiveEmphaticParticle, ReflexivePossessiveDeterminer, Izafat, RelativeAdjective added ContrastiveEmphaticParticle (= ContrastiveParticle and EmphaticParticle) 11/08/16 linking with Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010) added AspirationalVerb, AgentiveVerb, TenseMarkingParticle, NonAgentiveVerb, LocativePronoun, NominalNumber, CaseMarker, PeriodicAdjective, CharacteristicAdjective, DifferentialPronoun, NominalQuantifier HonorificVerb, HonorificCommonNoun added (=> Honorificity to be remodelled) 13/03/03 linking with Uby Pos annotation model (http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/lexical-resources/uby/) added GivenName, FamilyName, comments for PersonalPronoun, Separability 13/03/03 partial "hasFeature Self"-modeling for ...Feature concepts: not inferable through Fact++ or Hermit, though, hence incomplete 13/03/04 linking with Uby Pos annotation model (http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/lexical-resources/uby/) Contraction, Phraseme, LexicalUnit (as generalization over Phraseme and Lexeme), Initialism 13/03/04 olia-top:XYFeature olia:hasXY Self for most XYFeatures 13/06/24 additions from ISOcat morphosyntactic profile: FusedPrepositionPronoun, ElativeNoun, InterrogativeMultiplicativeQuantifier, FocusMarker, AdjutativeVoice, AversiveCase 13/06/25 additions from ISOcat morphosyntactic profile: VisualEvidentiality, OtherSourceEvidentiality, DeductiveEvidentiality, Exclusive, Inclusive, Homonym, Homophone, CircumstantialVoice 13/06/27 ISOcat additions: MannerNoun (deprecated), QuestionWord (extended to be a generalization over InterrogativeXY, deprecated), GeneralizationWord, EpistemicPossibilityModality, DebitiveMood, InchoativeAspect, PresentativePronoun, IndefiniteCardinalQuantifier, NumeralBoth (deprecated), GraphicalSeparator, Impossible, Possible, EpistemicNecessityModality, TemporallyDefinedUsage, PrepositionalAdverb, DeclarativePunctuation, Multal, ObligativeModality, RomanNumeral, DigitNumeral, Script, ParticleAdverb (deprecrated), ApplicativeVoice, EvaluativeModality, PlaceNoun (deprecated), String [generalized as orthographical anchor point for RomanNumeral] 13/06/28 ISOcat additions: Masdar, Ideophone, DeficientVerb (deprecated), IndefiniteMultiplicativeQuantifier, PermissiveModality, WeakObligativeModality, ExistentialPronoun (deprecated), InstrumentNoun, PhysicalAbilitiveModality, MedioPassiveVoice, InterrogativeCardinalQuantifier, CompletiveAspect, PseudopassiveVoice, LetterNumeral, ContextualVariation, Homograph, CollectivePronoun, PossessiveRelativePronoun, ExpansionVariation, CausativeVoice, Augmentative, FusedPronounAuxiliary, AntiCausativeVoice, StatusConstructus, PreferredEvaluative, PejorativeEvaluative, CommissiveForce, ActionalForce, VolitiveForce hasEvaluativeFeature (for ISOcat PreferredEvaluative and PejorativeEvaluative), HortativeModality (from GOLD, missing in the corresponding ISOcat export) disentangled Modality and Mood: for every Mood, created a corresponding Modality as superclass; XYMood is subconcept of Mood and XYModality concept, hasMood only for Mood, hasModality for Modality 16/04/18 selected French labels for the Bambara Reference Corpus (BRC) added OnomatopoeticWord, QualitativeVerb, PredicativeMarker OWL/DL validation 16/08/29 added Frame, hasMovementFeature, Control and Raising for compliance with lexinfo 17/06/26 fixed occasional type errors at owl:deprecated 18/01/08 added Converb (for Eastern Armenian National Corpus) Christian Chiarcos chiarcos@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de
TODO: simplify {Interrogative,Indefinite,...}/{Cardinal,Multiplicative,...}Quantifier dichothomies In subsequent versions, however, orthographical definitions should be handled with existing ontologies specializing on the description on language, e.g., lexvo check gerundive vs. gerund update GOLD linking
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment OLiA Reference Model for Morphology, Morphosyntax and Syntax (originally based on the EAGLES recommendations, with modifications in accordance to DCR (ISOcat, June 2013), TDS ontology, GOLD v.03, the SFB 632 annotation guidelines, the MULTEXT-East ontology and various annotation schemes)

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Suffix

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label suffix
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1395
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Affix added at the end of the word to change its meaning or part of speech. (Sue Ellen Wright + Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1395)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Affix

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContablativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contablative
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ContablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from near which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from near'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contablative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WordOrderInverse

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SINV|Inverted declarative sentence, i.e. one in which the subject follows the verb. See Section 5.19. (Santorini 1991) The SINV label is used for subject-auxiliary inversion in the case of negative inversion, conditional inversion, locative inversion, and some topicalizations. ... SINV â ´ Inverted declarative sentence, i.e. one in which the subject follows the tensed verb or modal. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DialectRegister

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label dialect register
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1990
subClassOf register (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Register that is specific to a dialect. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1990)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TranslativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Translative, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1406
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment TranslativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks is the result of a process of change (Lyons 1968: 299301, Gove, et al. 1966: 813,2429, Sebeok 1946: 17, Hakulinen 1961: 70). X along, across Y. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Translative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label emphatic pronoun
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:32
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1941
DEPRECATED: shorthand for Pronoun and hasEmphasis some Emphatic
subClassOf pronoun (dcif:isA)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pronoun marked to show its importance. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1941)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DubitiveMood

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Dubitive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment DubitiveMood indicates a speaker's doubt or uncertainty about a proposition (Palmer 2001). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Dubitive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DubitiveModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PejorativeEvaluative

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3380
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An evaluative property of a noun that indicates the speaker regards the person or object being referred to with distaste, contempt, or displeasure [Valentine 2001: 190-193].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvaluativeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InessiveCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inessive, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1311
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment InessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location within which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'within' or 'inside' (Lyons 1968: 299; Gove, et al. 1966: 1156; Crystal 1985: 156). X in Y. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inessive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Izafat

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label izafat
ezafe
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2999
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo from the EMILLE tagset for Urdu, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#Izafat, cf. http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#GenitiveCase for the modelling of the Izafat in the Farsi MULTEXT-East.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The izāfat (pronounced as a shorter form of –ē–) is an enclitic of Persian origin which is used in Farsi and neighboring languages. In Urdu, it can be considered a preposition under certain circumstances: it links two nouns in a possessive relationship, although the phrase thus produced may often have a different meaning to a phrase produced with the native Urdu postposition kā. However, the izāfat may also join a noun to an adjective, in which case it is not so clearly accurate to describe it as a preposition parallel to the prepositions in European languages for which the EAGLES guidelines were compiled. A better way to treat izāfat is in the context of the Unique category of miscellaneous one-member wordclasses, discussed below. (Hardie 2003, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#Izafat) enclitic morpheme used to form noun phrases and that can denote possession, can form apposition or can join adjectives to nouns. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2999)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Multal

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label multal number
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3327
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Multal is a number property that refers to a large number of individuals.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conjunction/Coord_Type="repetit" (Romanian). In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father). (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fraction

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label fraction
fractional numeral
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral, http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#FractionalNumeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment e.g., يک‌چهارمِ/يک‌چهار يک‌پنجمِ/يک‌پنج (fa, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)
Numeral/Form="fractional" (Romanian)
In traditional Romanian grammars, FractionalNumeral refers to expressions like treime-one third. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)
e.g., treisprezecimea/treisprezecime, treisprezecimi/treisprezecime, treisprezecimii/treisprezecime, treisprezecimile/treisprezecime, treisprezecimilor/treisprezecime, unsprezecimea/unsprezecime, unsprezecimi/unsprezecime, unsprezecimii/unsprezecime, unsprezecimile/unsprezecime (ro, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ThirdObviative

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ThirdObviative, modelled here as a subconcept of Third
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Obviative refers to one or more non-participants that are in some way further removed from the speaker than other non-particpants. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ThirdObviative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Third

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParticleAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:33
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1917
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo merely a shorthand for the intersection of Adverb and Particle, hence deprecated
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Word that is both an adverb and a particle.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SpatiotemporalNoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label spatio-temporal noun
location noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Ancorra, http://purl.org/olia/ancorra.owl#SpatiotemporalNoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Noun denoting spatial and temporal expressions "A tag NST has been included to cover an important phenomenon of Indian languages. Certain expressions such as 'Upara' (above/up), 'nIce' (below) 'pahale' (before), 'Age' (front) etc are content words denoting time and space. These expressions, however, are used in various ways. For example, 5.1.2.1 These words often occur as temporal or spatial arguments of a verb in a given sentence taking the appropriate vibhakti (case marker): h3. vaha Upara so rahA thA . 'he' 'upstairs' 'sleep' 'PROG' 'was' “He was sleepign upstairs”. h4. vaha pahale se kamare meM bEThA thA . 'he' 'beforehand' 'from' ' room' 'in' 'sitting' 'was' “He was sitting in the room from beforehand” h5. tuma bAhara bETho 'you' 'outside' 'sit' “You sit outside”. Apart from functioning like an argument of a verb, these elements also modify another noun taking postposition 'kA'. h6. usakA baDZA bhAI Upara ke hisse meM rahatA hE 'his' 'elder' 'brother' 'upstairs' 'of' 'portion' 'in' 'live' 'PRES' “His elder brother lives in the upper portion of the house”. 5.1.2.2 Apart from occuring as a nominal expression, they also occur as a part of a postposition along with 'ke'. For example, h7. ghaDZe ke Upara thAlI rakhI hE. 'pot' 'of' 'above' 'plate' 'kept' 'is' The plate is kept on the pot”. h8. tuma ghara ke bAhara bETho 'you' 'home' 'of' 'outside' 'sit' “You sit outside the house”. 'Upara' and 'bAhara' are parts of complex postpositions 'ke Upara' and 'ke bAhara' in (h6) and (h7) respectively which can be translated into English prepositions 'on' and 'outside'. For tagging such words, one possible option is to tag them according to their syntactic function in the given context. For example in 5.2.2 (h7) above, the word 'Upara' is occurring as part of a postposition or a relation marker. It can, therefore, be marked as a postposition. Similarly, in 5.2.1. (h3) and (h6) above, it is a noun, therefore, mark it as a noun and so on. Alternatively, since these words are more like nouns, as is evident from 5.2.1 above they can be tagged as nouns in all there occurrences. The same would apply to 'bAhAra' (outside) in examples examples (h4), (h5) and (h8). However, if we follow any of the above approaches we miss out on the fact that this class of words is slightly different from other nouns. These are nouns which indicate 'location' or 'time'. At the same time, they also function as postpositions in certain contexts. Moreover, such words, if tagged according to their syntactic function, will hamper machine learning. Considering their special status, it was considered whether to introduce a new tag, NST, for such expressions. The following five possibilities were discussed : a) Tag both (h5) & (h8) as NN b) Tag both (h5) & (h8) as NST c) Tag (h5) as NN & (h8) as NST d) Tag (h5) as NST & (h8) as PSP e) Tag (h5) as NN & (h8) as PSP After considering all the above, the decision was taken in favour of (b). The decision was primarily based on the following observations: (i) 'bAhara' in both (h5) and (h8) denotes the same expression (place expression 'outside') (ii) In both (h5) and (h8), 'bAhara' can take a vibhakti like a noun ( bAhara ko bETho, ghara ke bAhara ko bETho) (iii) If a single tag is kept for both the usages, the decision making for annotators would also be easier. Therefore, a new tag NST is introduced for such expressions. The tag NST will be used for a finite set of such words in any language. For example, Hindi has Age (front), pIche (behind), Upara (above/upstairs), nIce (below/down), bAda (after), pahale (before), andara (inside), bAhara (outside) etc." (Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf)
NLOC Noun Location This is an entirely new tag introduced to cover an important phenomenon of Indian Languages. Words like 'Age', 'upara', 'pahele', 'bAda', etc. are used in various ways in Hindi. 1. They act as a postposition along with 'ke' e.g. ghade ke upara thAlI rakhI HE. ("pot" "on" "plate" "kept" "is") Here 'ke upara' is a post position which is the direct equivalent of the English preposition 'on'. 2. They also act as adverbs. e.g. tuma upara jAo. ("You" "up" "go") Here 'upara' is an adverbial of place. 3. These words also take post positions themselves and so in some sense behave like nouns. e.g. vaHa upara se AyA. ("He" "above" "from" "came") 4. As pointed out in 3. above, these words take postpositions and act as arguments of the verb in the sentence. And they also take a post position to join with a another noun. So in that sense also they behave like nouns. e.g. upara kA HissA ("above" "of" "portion") To tag such words one option is to tag them according to the category to which they belong in the given sentence. For example in 1. above, the word is occurring as a postposition so can be marked as a postposition. In example 2. above, it is an adverb so can be marked as an adverb and so on. But we feel that these words are more like nouns as is evident from 3. and 4. above, and also if we consider for examples, 'aage', 'upara', etc. as places which are in front, up, etc then we can tag them as nouns. But these are not pure nouns. They are nouns which indicate a location or time. These also function as adverbs or prepositions in a context. So a new tag NLOC is introduced for such words. This tag will cater to a finite set of such words. set: (Age, piche, upara, nIce, bAda, pahele) ("front", "behind", "above", "below", "before") Such words if tagged according to their syntactic function, it will hamper machine learning. So a single tag, NLOC has been devised for such words which indicate location and time. e.g., (upara, Age, pahele, bAda) (IIIT (2007), A Part of Speech Tagger for Indian Languages (POS tagger), Tagset developed at IIIT - Hyderabad after consultations with several institutions through two workshops. available under http://shiva.iiit.ac.in/SPSAL2007/iiit_tagset_guidelines.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalParticiple

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from ILPOSTS for Indian languages
TODO: check whether this could be modelled as Participle and hasMood some ConditionalMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment e.g. Bengali বুঝলে (bujhle) from বোঝা (bojha) "to understand" (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE)
[In Bengali, t]he Conditional Participle is widely used to convey "if a certain action [pertaining to the parent verb] is done,...". The logic is: "in the case or condition of a certain action being done". Being impersonal, without regard for the doer of the action that caused the condition, it is not declined to suit number or gender. If this doer is not defined in the Bengali condition clause but needs to be stated in a natural-sounding English translation, this is identified and drawn from the second clause. For example:- Student: Teaching Truth in Bengali If you pay attention,* you will learn. manoyog kar-*le* tumi shikh-be. * [or, If attention is paid] (http://www.jaspell.co.uk/bengalicourse2007/wb149study49.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DirectCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Romanian case system the value 'direct' conflates 'nominative' and 'accusative', e.g., -acea/acel, -aceasta/acesta, -această/acest (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DirectCase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StatusConstructus

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2997
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo According to the Arabic usage of this category, modeled here as a DefinitenessFeature, though not directly a subconcept of definite, because it has other functions in other languages.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment morphological form of the nominal head of noun+noun-phrases which in spite of a missing determiner (article) is invariably understood as semantically determined. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2997) The construct state or status constructus is a noun form occurring in Afro-Asiatic languages. It is particularly common in Semitic languages (such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Syriac), in the Berber languages, and in the extinct Egyptian language. ... In Semitic languages, nouns are placed in the construct state when they are semantically definite and modified by another noun in a genitive construction. Note that this differs from the genitive case of European languages in that it is the head (modified) noun rather than the dependent (modifying) noun which is marked. However, in Semitic languages with grammatical case (e.g. Classical Arabic), the modifying noun in a genitive construction is placed in the genitive case, in addition to marking the head noun with the construct state. ... The construct state is one of the three grammatical states of nouns in Arabic, the other two being the indefinite state and the definite state. ... (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construct_state)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DefinitenessFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Diminuitive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Diminuitive, in MTE v.4 originally modelled as an aspect of Degree, but this is a misplacement. There are languages where Degree and Diminuitivity are independent. In Latvian, for example, the diminutive suffix may be attached to an adjective, not only in the positive but in the comparative and superlative degrees (Ruke-Dravina 1953). Velta Ruke-Dravina (1953), Adjectival Diminuitives in Latvian. The Slavonic and East European Review 31(77): 452-465
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A diminutive is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object or quality named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment. It is the opposite of an augmentative. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminutive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Derivation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Coordination

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment As has already been shown in some of the preceding examples, the issue of coordination necessarily arises: how is coordination to be represented in terms of constituency? Different approaches have been taken, and in the example analyses given in this document, we have chosen to take a traditional approach, showing the coordinated constituents at the same level, with the conjunction between them (see also 47 and 48): (51) [NP [NP John NP] and [NP Mary NP] NP] (52) She went [PP [PP to the library PP] or [PP to the cafeteria PP] PP] (53) He works [ADVP [ADVP very slowly ADVP] but [ADVP very meticulously ADVP] ADVP] However, in practice, in an automated parsing system, this is not an easy differentiation to make, and in some existing schemes, a slightly less satisfactory solution has been found, viz. analysing coordination in a similar fashion to subordination. Most constituents (both phrases and clauses) can be coordinated, but the extent to which this is possible will differ across languages. The conjuncts may be marked as such by separate descriptors: NPtex2html_wrap_inline4084 etc. However, there are many occasions where the conjuncts are not of the same formal category, or where they do not correspond to an entire phrasal or clausal constituent. There is much to be said, in these cases, or perhaps for all cases of coordination, for the use of a generalised label applied to all coordinate constituents or conjuncts, e.g. the label CO used in the TOSCA system. We do not offer a definitive solution for the annotation of coordination, and the many variants of coordination will not be considered further in this report. See Sampson (1995: 310f) for a detailed treatment. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node37.html)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AllativeCase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Allative; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1236
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment AllativeCase expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 6,9,216; Lyons 1968: 299; Crystal 1985: 1213; Gove, et al. 1966: 55,2359). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Allative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SemanticInverseVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/SemanticInverse
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment If the agent outranks the patient on the relevant generic topic hierarchy, the direct-active clause is used. If the relevant norm is reversed and the patient outranks the agent on the relevant hierarchy, the inverse clause is used. (Givon 1994:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/SemanticInverse)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InverseVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Postposition

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES adposition with the optional attribute Type="Preposition".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A postposition is an adposition that occurs after its complement. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPostposition.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adposition

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OpenCurlyBracket

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label open curly bracket
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2084
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is graphically represented as { (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2084)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContrastiveParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle, note: there may be contrastive particles that are not emphatic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Contrastive particle, e.g., (one of the uses of) Urdu tô: vo urdû parhê gâ "He will study Urdu." (simple statement) vo tô urdû parhê gâ "HE will study Urdu." (Contrast: the other students may not.) (Schmidt 1999, p. 232, see http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Reduplication

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label reduplication
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2346 (reduplication)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment process to modify the sense of a word by some operations to repeat the sound of a word. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2346)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalProcess

_:34

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LexicalUnit
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:35

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresumptiveModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from ILPOSTS (http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#PresumptiveMood) for Indian languages
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The presumptive mood is used in Romanian to express presupposition or hypothesis regarding the fact denoted by the verb, as well as other more or less similar attitudes: doubt, curiosity, concern, condition, indifference, inevitability. For example, acolo s-o fi dus "he might have gone there" shows the basic presupposition use, while the following excerpt from a poem by Eminescu shows the use both in a conditional clause de-o fi "suppose it is" and in a main clause showing an attitude of submission to fate le-om duce "we would bear". De-o fi una, de-o fi alta... Ce e scris și pentru noi, Bucuroși le-om duce toate, de e pace, de-i război. Be it one, be it the other... Whatever fate we have, We will gladly go through all, be it peace or be it war (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood#Presumptive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IrrealisModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Uncountable

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, remodelling of MassNoun vs. CommonNoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A mass noun (also uncountable noun or non-count noun) can't be modified by a numeral, occur in singular/plural or co-occur with the relevant kind of determiner. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CountabilityFeature

_:36

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasStrength
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinateClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#coordinateClause
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A coordinate clause is a clause belonging to a series of two or more clauses which are not syntactically dependent on one another, and are joined by means of a coordinate conjunction, a connective or parataxis. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsACoordinateClause.htm).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasReflexivity

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReflexivityFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Question

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment There are two types of questions: direct questions (which are main clauses ending with a question mark) and indirect questions (which are subordinate clauses embedded under a verb). In this section, we discuss only direct questions; indirect questions are bracketed as SBARâ ¹s (see Section 5.17). (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SentenceTypeFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#interrogativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The interrogative modality serves to indicate interrogative quality. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#interrogativeModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

_:0

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:37
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Determiner with DetType="Indefinite"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An indefinite determiner is a determiner that expresses a referent's indefinite number or amount, i.e. "some", "any", "many". (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuantifier.htm 22.09.06) Note that here, a separate top-level class Quantifier has been introduced that covers expressions of number and amount as *semantic* concepts. Plural indefinite determiners are thus to be modeled as IndefiniteDeteriner and Quantifier.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:22

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:38
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalIrrealisModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo ILPOSTS (Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#NonReal is restricted to conditional participles, hence probably a subtype of ConditionalMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conditional Mood (modality) with Irrealis meaning (ILPOSTS)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalModality

_:39

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumber
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Control

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo From http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#Control. But note that we regard Control as a feature of syntactic units (either verbs [=> control/raising] or arguments [=> raisable argument], not as a subclass of Frame, this reflects a different understanding of "Frame", in OLiA, Frames are semantic units, in lexinfo, they seem to be syntactic patterns, in other resources, e.g., VerbNet, both aspects are combined.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Control indicates how a an argument from a main clause will be utilized in a subclause. This class includes both control structures and raising structures (http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#Control)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MovementFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Pronoun with Pron.-Type="Int./Rel.".
TODO: Check cross-linguistic validity of this class. This class is based on surface criteria of Indo-European languages. In other (and even IE) languages, relative pronouns are partly also derived from non-interrogatives, but rather from demonstratives, cf. English "that". Should be abandoned unless language-independent evidence for its existence is provided. DEPRECATED: to be replaced with InterrogativePronoun or RelativePronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:40
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo hierarchically restructured
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:41
_:42

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Converb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Introduced to account for Converbs in Armenian and other languages, a generalization over деепричастие
TODO: clarify terminological relation between Converb, Supine and AdverbialParticiple
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A converb is "[...] a nonfinite verb form whose main function is to mark adverbial subordination. Another way of putting it is that converbs are verbal adverbs, just like participles are verbal adjectives." Haspelmath, M., & König, E. (1995). Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective, p. 3
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#HabitualAspect

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Habitual (as Aspect), http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#habitualTense (as Tense), modelled as an aspect here (temporally unmarked Habitual should be modelled as NotTemporallyAnchored)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Habitual tense pertains to verbs which refer to an action that occurs repeatedly. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#habitualTense) Refers to the internal temporal contour of a situation — a repeated situation that occupies a large slice of time. Can be based on the observation of a single occurrence. (Bhat 1999:177) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Habitual)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

_:43

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEmphasis
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/system.owl

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology

_:44

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasDefiniteness
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticRole

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#UnitOfAnnotation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Head

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TIGER edge label HD, definition according to Penn Treebank Bracketing Guidelines (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment TIGER edge label HD
Heads are single words that function as the nucleus of a phrase. For instance, the head of the noun phrase John’s book is book. Book is also the head of the more complex noun phrase that interesting book that you were telling me about the other day. The head of the verb phrase telling me about the other day is telling. The head of a prepositional phrase is the preposition. (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Conjunction

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label conjonction
conjunction
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level concept Conjunction (C).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A conjunction is a word that syntactically links words or larger constituents, and expresses a semantic relationship between them. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConjunction.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

_:3

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:45
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:46

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:47

_:48

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:49
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasClusivity

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ClusivityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:50

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:51
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inflected

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Chiarcos
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment see subclasses
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

https://mtp.linked.solutions/olia

http://purl.org/dc/terms/source https://github.com/linked-solutions/prefix.cc-harvest/master
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Read timed out
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix olia

_:29

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:52
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:53

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:54

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label adverbe
adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Adverb (AV). Skipped subconcepts ParticleAdverb and GeneralAdverb: ParticleAdverb is better described by the join of particles or adverbs rather than positing an independent category; GeneralAdverb is merely the complement of DegreeAdverb.
TODO: currently, different criteria are employed to characterize Adverbs, including lexical criteria (e.g., AdjectivalAdverb) and semantic criteria (e.g., CausalAdverb). The subclassification according to semantic criteria is to be expressed with hasSemanticRole, the classes are thus deprecated.
DCR general adverb (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1435) ignored
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adverb is a part of speech that serves to modify non-nominal parts of speech, i.e., verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs. Modifiers of nouns are primarily determiners and adjectives. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbs 18.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Abbreviation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label abbreviation
abreviation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Category Abbreviations with Type="Abbreviation".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Abbreviation (from Latin brevis "short") is strictly speaking a shorter form of a word, but more particularly, an abbreviation is a letter or group of letters, taken from a word or words, and employed to represent them for the sake of brevity. For example, the word "abbreviation" can be abbreviated as "abbr." or "abbrev." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviation 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

_:55

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHTypeAdverbs
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:56

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DefinitenessFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: use this property to define Definite/IndefiniteArticle
Skipped EAGLES "Unmarked" definiteness that was only introduced "to handle the suffixed definite article in Danish: e.g. "haven" (`the garden'); "havet" (`the sea')." (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2 16.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:44

_:13

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:57
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:58

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:59

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReduplicationTypeFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:60

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasTense

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: This class is based on surface criteria of Indo-European languages. In other (and even IE) languages, relative pronouns are partly also derived from non-interrogatives, but rather from demonstratives, cf. English "that". Should be abandoned unless language-independent evidence for its existence is provided. DEPRECATED: to be replaced by InterrogativeDeterminer or RelativeDeterminer
EAGLES Determiner with Det.-Type="Int./Rel.".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:61
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExistentialParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ExistentialThere
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment English existential there is specified as a subtype of pronoun in MTE v4, i.e., Pronoun/Type="ex-there" (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ExistentialThere)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalCategory

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:30

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:62
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:63

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativePronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:7

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom _:64
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasChild

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NarrativeType

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:65

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:66

_:27

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:67
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:68

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:69

_:70

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:71
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRelation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: check TDS and GOLD
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:72
http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#Relation

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:73

_:74

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:75
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:76

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Clause
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:33

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:77
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:78

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:79
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasInflectionType

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:80

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:81
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Present

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#presentTense
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Present tense refers to the moment of utterance. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#presentTense) Present tense refers to the moment of utterance. It often refers to events or states that do not merely coincide with the moment of utterance, such as those that are continuous, habitual, or lawlike. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsPresentTense.htm 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceMedialPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with a suggestion by Wilson and Leech (1996)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SentenceMedialPunctuation are , ; : - . (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondaryPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExpletivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: revise definition, the GOLD definition applies to copula, too.
Missing in the EAGLES recommendations, added in accordance with the TIGER annotation scheme (for German). As expletive pronouns often (e.g., in German or English) have the form of 3.sg personal pronouns, expletives are modelled here as subclass of ThirdPersonPronoun.
TODO: compare with GOLD, modeled as a PartOfSpeechProperty there
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An expletive (also known as a dummy word) is a part of speech whose members have no meaning, but complete a sentence to make it grammatical [Crystal 1997, 127] (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Expletive) In European languages, expletives are pronouns. A verbal part of speech that "has no meaning, but complete a sentence to make it grammatical" is a copula (see AuxiliaryVerb).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ThirdPersonPronoun
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Expletive

_:82

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:83

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:84

_:85

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeModality
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasModality

_:69

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:86

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersonalPronoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label personal pronoun
irreflexive personal pronoun
pronom personnel
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3013 (irreflexive personal pronoun)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PersReflPronoun with "Special PronounType"="Personal".
TODO: the SIL definition (also used in GOLD) is nonsatisfactory. German reflexive pronouns have person distinction, so this definition actually applies to EAGLES PersReflPronoun rather than EAGLES PersonalPronoun.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A personal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a distinction of person deixis. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPersonalPronoun.htm 19.09.06) Note that (despite the SIL definition), an olia:PersonalPronoun refers to irreflexive personal pronouns. Personal pronoun categories without reflexivity sensitivity should be mapped onto olia:PersReflPronoun. (CC)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DubitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Dubitive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment DubitiveMood indicates a speaker's doubt or uncertainty about a proposition (Palmer 2001). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Dubitive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

_:20

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:87
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Prefix

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label prefix
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1365
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Affix added before a word to change its meaning or part of speech. (Sue Ellen Wright + Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1365)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Affix

_:77

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:88

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Preposition

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label préposition
preposition
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES adposition with Type="Preposition".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A preposition is an adposition that occurs before its complement. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPreposition.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adposition

_:89

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:90
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:37

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:50

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AttributivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:91
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo In languages with grammaticalized determiners, attributive pronouns are determiners. In languages without grammaticalized determiners, attributive pronouns are described as adjectives. In order to provide a uniform modeling of attributive pronouns, they are defined here as being the intersection of Determiner and Pronoun. Note that this entails that the definition of "Determiner" is broadened to include determiner-like elements in languages without grammatical determiners. (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An attributive pronoun is a pronoun that modifies an NP.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AnimacyFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinateClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Subclassification here follows the functional subclassification of subordinate clauses in the TDS ontologies. GOLD proposes an alternative syntax-based subclassification (yet without documentation or explanation) in AdjunctSubordinate and ComplementSubordinate. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ComplementSubordinate, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AdjunctSubordinate)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SubordinateClause is the class of clauses that cannot stand on their own as sentences. A matrix clause combined with a subordinate clause form a main clause. In the sentence 'John thinks that Mary is sick', 'Mary is sick' is the subordinate clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/SubordinateClause) Dependent clauses (which are also sometimes referred to as subordinate clauses) cannot stand alone as sentences. They usually begin with subordinating conjunctions. A sentence with an independent clause and any number of dependent clauses is referred to as a complex sentence. One with two or more independent clauses and any number of dependent clauses is referred to as a compound-complex sentence (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause, cf. http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#subordinateClause). A subordinate clause is an embedded construction which contains a finite verb form. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#finiteEmbeddedConstruction)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteClause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionWord

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label question word
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:89
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4205
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo deprecated, as merely a shorthand for Lexeme and hasModality some InterrogativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A proform that is used in questions to stand for the item questioned.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Lexeme

_:92

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasMood
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:93

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasModality
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TemporallyDefinedUsage

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label dating
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1959
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Indication specifying whether the usage is old or modern.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

_:94

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:95

_:96

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:97
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:98

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:99

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProperNoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:100

_:101

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasParent

_:15

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:102
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1332
EAGLES Verb with Finiteness="Non-finite".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Verb forms occurring on their own only in dependent clauses and lacking tense and mood contrasts. (adapted from Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1332) A non-finite verb is a verb that is not fully inflected for categories that are marked inflectionally in a language, such as the following: Tense, Aspect, Modality, Number, Person. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANonfiniteVerb.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Exclusive

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3029
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment a form denoting that the addressee (addressees) are not included into the set of their referents which contain also the speaker
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ClusivityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo synonym of Unique, to be avoided because of its divergent definitions, applies to every category that *contains* the expression "Particle" in its name
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment synonym of Unique, to be avoided because of its divergent definitions (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

_:103

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasAspect
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:100

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:104
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:105

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasDegree
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasReduplicationType

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReduplicationTypeFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo cf. http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2240
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticParticle

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:106
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from EMILLE, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ExclusiveEmphaticParticle, etc. From a logical point of view, emphasis is closely related to intensification, hence, subconcept of Intensifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Emphatic particle, e.g., (one of the uses of) Urdu tô: vo urdû parhê gâ "He will study Urdu." (simple statement) vo urdû parhê gâ tô lêkin imtihân nahîm dê gâ "He will STUDY Urdu, OF COURSE, but he won't take the examination." (Schmidt 1999, p. 232, see http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Intensifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:107

_:108

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionWord
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:75

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CliticElement

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label cliticness
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903 (cliticness), http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Cliticness
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Note that Clitic covers only one aspect of the original MULTEXT-East (and ISOcat) definitions of cliticness, i.e., that an element is a clitic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

_:109

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:110

_:111

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Sentence
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:76

_:112

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasProximity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:25

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:46
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:113

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:114

http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#UnitOfAnnotation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActionalModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label actional force
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3063
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ActionalForce indicates that the speaker or hearer is to undertake some action. Actional force subsumes Imperative, Commissive and Hortatory force.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature

_:115

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticFunction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Sentence

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: model Sentence as separate concept indepdendently from Constituent (cf. TüBa-DZ "Root"). But what would be an appropriate name for that ?
EAGLES category Sentence (S), http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/OrthographicSentence
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The maximal, syntactically independent, segments into which a text is subdivided, for parsing purposes, are normally considered to be sentences. In a written text, they are typically (though by no means invariably) delimited by an initial capital letter and a final full stop (`.') or other terminal punctuation. It is convenient to accept this primary orthographic definition of `sentence' for the purposes of syntactic annotation. However, a sentence, so defined, may be either a full sentence (9) or a `grammatically incomplete' one (10). (9) [S This is a sentence. S] (10) [S Well done. S] The same applies to sentences included within other sentences, as in (11) (11) [S [S ``Well done'', S] she said. S] } ``Well done'' in 11 is labelled as a sentence, since it clearly has an independent syntactic status equivalent to those of 9, even though it is included in another sentence. This inclusion of one independent sentence within another is found both with reported speech and elsewhere. Phenomena such as those illustrated in 10 are by no means exceptional in text corpora. In transcriptions of spoken discourse, there is no simple answer to the question ``What is a sentence?''. Some transcriptions, based on standard orthography, yield de facto sentences in the form of units beginning with a capital letter and closing with a terminal punctuation mark. For these, there is no problem in recognising the primary sentential segments and delimiting them by [S ... S], even though these segments frequently lack the canonical structure of a complete written sentence. Moreover, even in other transcriptions, where the standard orthographic practices of sentence delimitation are avoided, it is possible to identify `primary segments' analogous to the written sentence, viz. the primary units into which the transcribed discourse is divided for parsing purposes. For spoken as well as written language, then, the [S] unit may be retained, although it may be interpreted differently, and some other term, such as `primary segment', may be preferred to `sentence'. We conclude by recommending, for the syntactic annotation of any text (including a transcription of spoken language), an exhaustive division of the text into units labelled [S ... S]. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node30.html#SECTION00052100000000000000)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Constituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PolarityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:116
_:117

_:118

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:119

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasInflectionType
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:24

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Atransitive
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticValency

_:120

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasReflexivity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:31

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:99
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:121

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:122

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElativeDegree

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ElativeDegree, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1276, note that the latter conflates ElativeDegree and ElativeCase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment e.g., прешпионска/шпионски, прешпионскава/шпионски, прешпионскана/шпионски, прешпионската/шпионски, прешпионски/шпионски, прешпионскиве/шпионски, прешпионскине/шпионски, прешпионскиов/шпионски, прешпионскион/шпионски (mk)
e.g., predivan, prekasan, premanjeg/premali, premanjega/premali, premanjem/premali, premanjemu/premali, premanji/premali (sr)
MULTEXT-East Degree="elative" (Adjective: Resian, Serbian, Macedonian)
In Semitic languages, ElativeDegree refers to the “adjective of superiority.” In some languages such as Arabic, the concepts of comparative and superlative degree of an adjective are merged into a single form, the elative. How this form is understood or translated depends upon context and definiteness. In the absence of comparison, the elative conveys the notion of “greatest”, “supreme.” The elative of كبير (kabí:r, "big") is أكبر (’ákbar, “bigger/biggest”, “greater/greatest”). (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elative) In Slavic languages, as well, it is pretty standard. I do agree with the definition though, that "the elative conveys the notion of “greatest”, “supreme.”" So, Slovene "lep" is beautiful, "prelep" is very (or supremely) beautiful; I guess the "pre-" prefix could be roughly translated as "over-". Used in Resian, Serbian, Macedonian. In Slovenian, we banished it, as even "ordinary" degrees are borderline inflection / derivation, but, I think, elative is is definitely not inflection. (Tomaž Erjavec, email 2010/06/21)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature

http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasTarget

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty

_:123

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:124

_:125

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:126

_:104

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocationRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticValency

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Ch. Chiarcos
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Semantic valency pertains to the number of semantic arguments a predicate takes. This is not necessarily the same as syntactic valency: In English, expletive "it" is used as a syntactic argument if no semantic argument is available, cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:127

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:128

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StrictAuxiliaryVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Definition in accordance with the SFB632 definition of "auxiliary verb" as non-copular and non-modal verb. In EAGLES, auxiliary verb also seems to be non-modal: In addition to main and auxiliary verbs, it may be useful (e.g. in English) to recognise an intermediate category of semi-auxiliary for such verbs as be going to, have got to, ought to. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1v 20.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Non-modal, non-copular auxiliary verb.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AuxiliaryVerb

_:129

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Transitive
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticValency

_:130

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Emphatic
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEmphasis

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InanimateGender

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inanimate
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment One of the two grammatical genders, or noun classes, of Nishnaabemwin, the other being animate. Membership in the inanimate grammatical class is largely based on meaning, in that non-living things, such as objects of manufacture and natural 'non-living' things are included in it (Valentine 2001: 114). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inanimate)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature

_:131

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSeparability
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:132

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:133

_:134

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Transitive
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticValency

_:135

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:136

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasMood
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo One may consider modelling SemanticRoles and discourse relations within the same dimension. In particular, the semantics of adverbial modifiers (causal, temporal, 3al, etc.) closely resembles discourse relations.
TODO: Check subcategorization in MacroRoles. Currently, this follows the TDS ontology, but the strict assignment of semantic roles to macroroles contradicts the selection algorithm as described by van Valin and Lapolla (1997): MacroRoles are not assigned a priori, but on on the basis of *relative agentivity* among the arguments.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:137
_:98

_:62

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Raising
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:138

_:47

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:139
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainVerb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label main verb
plain verb
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3004 (plainVerb)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf verb (dcif:isA)
to be renamed to LexicalVerb ("main verb" can also mean "head of a finite clause")
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1400 (main verb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Main verb in contrast to a modal or an auxiliary. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1400) verb which has its own semantics (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3004, plainVerb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TimitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Timitive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment TimitiveMood expresses that the speaker fears something expressed in what is said (Palmer 2001: 13, 22). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Timitive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Atransitive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Chiarcos
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A predicate/verb that takes no argument. English "to rain" is semantically atransitive, hence, an expletive is to be used in "it's raining", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Clause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Clause
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Traditionally sentences are deemed to be composed of major constituents known as clauses, which may be main clauses (not included in a superordinate clause) or embedded clauses (included in a superordinate clause) such as relative clauses or adverbial clauses. A main clause, unless it is coordinated, is equivalent to a simple sentence, and does not need to be separately labelled. Embedded and coordinated clauses, on the other hand, will need to be separately identified. We recommend that such units be identified in the annotation, and labelled either as sentences (S) or as clauses (CL), according to the preference specified in the annotation scheme. The reason for allowing choice here is that different theoretical preferences have to be accommodated. In some syntactic models, the `clause' category is not used (except informally), embedded clauses being marked by included [S] constituents. In other models, clauses are identified as such, even where they are coextensive with an independent sentence. One solution which commends itself (and is employed in the Lancaster Treebank and the SUSANNE Corpus) is to retain [S ... S] as the delimiter of sentences, whether included or not, and also to use [S ... S] for the coordinated parts of a compound sentence; but to use `clause' labels for subordinate clauses. An example which illustrates this division is 12: (12) [S [S The distinction at issue is relatively clear S] , but [S closer examination reveals [CL that all is not quite so straightforward [CL as it seems CL] CL] S] . S] Embedded (subordinate) clauses are generally identified by some sign of their dependence on the superordinate clause or sentence, such as an introductory conjunction or a non-finite verb form. It is noticeable that the coordinated parts of the compound sentence do not have to be clause-like units with subjects and verbs, and to this extent [CL] would be a misleading label to apply to them. This is true, in 13, of so far so good in: (13) [S [S So far so good S] , but [S now consider gender in adjectives S] . S] (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node31.html)
Clause is the class of constructions that form minimal sentential units. They must include a predicate, all arguments of the predicate, and all modifiers of the predicate and the arguments. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Clause)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Constituent

_:140

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:141

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Fronting

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo T-CODEX (Petrova 2008, http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#InitionalPosition)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Expression occurs at the left periphery of the sentence. This includes various noncanonical and canonical word order possibilities. (Note that it is not restricted here to noncanonical word order; for noncanonical fronting see subconcepts, e.g., Topicalization.) (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PluralQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:142
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PluralQuantifier Numeral/Class="definite", Numeral/Class="definite1", Numeral/Class="definite234" etc. refer to specific patterns of congruency with Slavic numerals that originate from the difference between Old Slavic singular (definite1), dual (definite2, definite234) and plural (definite).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A PluralQuantifier is a Quantifier (or Numeral) that specifies a large multitude of entities. The agreement pattern of a plural quantifier is different from that or an singular quantifier, but as opposed to DualQuantifier and PaucalQuantifier, PluralQuantifier includes quantifiers that denote arbitrarily large sets of entities. (Chiarcos) The corresponding category in Czech, Polish and Slovak MTE v4 specs is Numeral/Class="definite", that refers to numerals larger than four. (MTE v4)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SpecificArticle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label specific article
specific determiner
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced to account for the specific determiner in Farsi (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticSpecificDeterminer)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment "By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:105

_:143

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:144
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:145

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AuxiliaryVerb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label auxiliaire
auxiliary verb
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel auxiliary
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Verbs with Status="Auxiliary", http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1244
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An auxiliary verb is a verb which accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase, and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense aspect, and voice. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm 19.09.06) Besides modal verbs ("semiauxiliary") and "strict" auxiliary verbs, also copulas are classified under auxiliary verbs here, as this is a praxis applied in practically every EAGLES-conformant morphosyntactic annotation scheme. Part of speech referring to the set of verbs, subordinate to the main lexical verb which help to make distinction in mood, aspect, voice etc. (Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1244)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

_:146

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeModality
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasModality

_:147

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:130
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:148

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:149
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ProQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A ProQuantifier is a quantifier derived from a pronominal element. ProQuantifiers thus partly characterized as pronouns (e.g., as pronominal adverbs) or quantifiers (e.g., "indefinite numeral" as in MTE v.4). (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ProQuantifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier

_:126

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ThirdPersonPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Pronoun with Person="Third". As only personal and reflexive pronouns show person differentiation, ThirdPersonPronoun is modelled as a subclass of PersReflConcept here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Third person reference is a deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

_:150

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumeralAgreementClass
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Second

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Second
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Refers to the person(s) the speaker is addressing (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Second)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature

_:151

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:152
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:82

_:153

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativePronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Countable

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, remodelling of MassNoun vs. CommonNoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A countable noun (also count noun) is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc.. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CountabilityFeature

_:154

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasClusivity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:155

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasAspect
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LayoutElement

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Introduced to account for Bullet http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1438
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label noun
nom
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category "Noun".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A noun, or noun substantive, is a part of speech (a word or phrase) which can co-occur with (in)definite articles and attributive adjectives, and function as the head of a noun phrase. The word "noun" derives from the Latin 'nomen' meaning "name", and a traditional definition of nouns is that they are all and only those expressions that refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance, quality, idea or an appointment. They serve as the subject or object of a verb, and the object of a preposition. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#GraphicalSeparator

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1863
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Character string that appears between two written forms
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Character

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Character

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasValency

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticArgument

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added to account for TIGER edge labels with syntactic function
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An inherent (morpho)syntactic constituent subcategorized for by a predicate.
'Arguments are those terms which are required by some predicate in order to form a complete nuclear predication. They are essential to the integrity of the SoA designated by the predicate frame. If we leave them out, the property/relation designated by the predicate is not fulfilled or satisfied.' (Dik, 1997:86f)
An argument can be a controller in an agreement relation. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticArgument)
The category ARG is assigned to those syntactic constituents that appear as obligatory complements to the main verb. This means that they cannot be left out without a change in grammaticality or a significant change in meaning. (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.3)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvidentialityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:156

_:157

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:135

_:158

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MannerRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticFunction

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Bies et al. 1995
TODO: apply this to primitive concepts, too
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Relation to be used when the syntactic function of a constituent is different from its morphosyntactic type, cf. FormFunctionDiscrepancy in the PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995, §2.2.1)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#OptativeModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Optative, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#optativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Optative indicates that the speaker wishes or hopes that the expressed proposition be the case (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 179; Palmer 2001: 204). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Optative)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasPolarity

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PolarityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MovementFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo 2016/08/29 introduced to account for raising and control features in lexinfo
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:159

_:23

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:160
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Transitive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo SUSANNE (Sampson 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A predicate/verb that takes two arguments, e.g., English "to kiss", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Plural

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. In English, nouns, pronouns, and demonstratives inflect for plurality. In many other languages, for example German and the various Romance languages, articles and adjectives also inflect for plurality. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural 17.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ProximityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:161
_:112

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Noun with Type="Common".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A common noun is a noun that signifies a non-specific member of a group. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACommonNoun.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Infix

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label infix
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1313
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Affix inserted in the middle of a word to change its meaning or part of speech value. (Sue Ellen Wright; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1313)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Affix

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quote

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label quote
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2081
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation usually used to surround a quotation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2081)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondaryPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvaluativeFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:162

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectObject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/directObject, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1274
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A direct object is a grammatical relation that exhibits a combination of certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: the usual grammatical characteristics of the patient of typically transitive verbs; particular case marking; a particular clause position; the conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb; the capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization; the capability of reflexivization. The identification of the direct object relation may be further confirmed by finding significant overlap with similar direct object relations previously established in other languages. This may be done by analyzing correspondence between translation equivalents (Crystal 1985: 94; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 155; Mish et al. 1990: 358; Comrie 1989: 66; Andrews, Avery 1985: 68,120,126; Comrie 1985a: 337). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/directObject)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticObject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasStrength

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:163

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DeclarativeModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo generalization over DeclarativeMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a type of (formal) assertion (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#declarativeModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

_:164

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Sentence
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:165

_:166

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:167

_:159

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasMovementFeature
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Collocation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label collocation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Collocation
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A collocation is any habitually linked group of words - a kind of lexical partnership, e.g. 'fish and chips', 'salt and pepper', 'don't mention it', 'it's nothing...', 'Oh well!', 'bangers and mash'... and so on. Many idioms or idiomatic phrases exhibit collocation, e.g. in a jiffy. (http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/grammar/main_files/definitionsa-m.htm)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticUnit

_:51

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MannerRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:103
_:155

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ClusivityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:168
_:154

_:169

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCoordType
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticFunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:115
_:170

_:171

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:94

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelationalAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label relational adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo cf. OrdinalAdjective
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The Slovene adjective expresses three main ideas: quality (qualitative adjectives, kakovostni pridevniki), relation (relational adjectives, vrstni pridevniki) and possession (possessive adjectives, svojilni pridevniki). Relational adjectives express type, class or numerical sequence of a noun. For instance: kemijska in fizikalna sprememba (chemical and physical change), fotografski aparat (photographic device (=camera)). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_grammar)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

_:152

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Uncountable
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCountability

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectionRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -DIR (direction) â ´ marks adverbials that answer the questions â ¼from where?â ½ and â ¼to where?â ½ It implies motion, which can be metaphorical as in â ¼...rose 5 pts. to 57-1/2â ½ or â ¼increased 70% to 5.8 billion yenâ ½ (see section 23 [â ¼Financialspeakâ ½ Conventions]). -DIR is most often used with verbs of motion/transit and financial verbs: (S (NP-SBJ I) (VP flew (PP-DIR from (NP Tokyo)) (PP-DIR to (NP New York)))) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Cliticization

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label cliticization
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.glottopedia.de/index.php/Cliticization; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903 (cliticness), http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Cliticness. Note that Cliticization covers only one aspect of the original MULTEXT-East (and ISOcat) definitions of cliticness, i.e., that an element is a clitic
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In morphosyntax, cliticization is a process by which a complex word is formed by attaching a clitic to a fully inflected word. Exsmple: In Je t'aime, t' is the clitic attached to aime. (http://www.glottopedia.de/index.php/Cliticization) Note that cliticization can also be understood as the process of an independent word developing into a clitic. This is not the meaning intended here, as the OLiA ontologies are currently not applied to the description of diachronic processes. (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalProcess

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#InflectionTypeFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In this category, different inflection-relevant features are assembled. Typically, inflection phenomena are language-specific and pertain to different grammatial categories; therefore, this collection is neither to be supposed exhaustive nor are the features necessarily disjoint (e.g., InflectedWithOvertMarker overlaps with StrongInflection or WeakInflection)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:172
_:119

_:117

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasPolarity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:173

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:157

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Diacritic

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

_:35

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Expletive

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label expletive
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo modelled as a Unique concept here, although normally not considered a Particle
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1283
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Word which serves no grammatical function, but which fills up a sentence or gives emphasis. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1283)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

_:124

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:58

_:110

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:174

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Residual (R) with the exception of its subclass "Unclassified". Unclassified is not represented in the OLiA ontology, as it does not represent information, but the absence of information.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The residual value (R) is assigned to classes of text words which lie outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, although they occur quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. For example: foreign words, or mathematical formulae. It can be argued that these are on the fringes of the grammar or lexicon of the language in which the text is written. Nevertheless, they need to be tagged. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mr 19.09.06) Although words in the Residual category are on the periphery of the lexicon, they may take some of the grammatical characteristics, e.g., of nouns. Acronyms such as IBM are similar to proper nouns; symbols such as alphabetic characters can vary for singular and plural (e.g. How many Ps are there in `psychopath'?), and are in this respect like common nouns. In some languages (e.g. Portuguese) such symbols also have gender. It is quite reasonable that in some tagging schemes some of these classes of word will be classified under other parts of speech. (The Unclassified category applies to word-like text segments which do not easily fit into any of the foregoing values. For example: incomplete words and pause fillers such as er and erm in transcriptions of speech, or written representations of singing such as dum-de-dum. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recr 19.09.06)
From a linguistic point of view, Residuals are a heterogeneous class and so, Residual may overlap with every linguistically motivate annotation concept. Also between subconcepts, overlap may occur (e.g. \LaTeX which is a symbol which can be read as an Acronym or acronyms which are related to Abbreviations, e.g. GNU "Gnu is not Unix")
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SpecificityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:175
_:176

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticUnit

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:177

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CauseRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PastParticiple

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:178
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced as a shorthand for Participle and hasTense some Past
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasConjunct

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CoordinatingConjunction_ConjunctType
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:101
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRelation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label participe
participle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1341
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES NonFinite with VerbForm="Participle".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A participle is a lexical item, derived from a verb that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. In English, participles may be used as adjectives, and in non-finite forms of verbs. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAParticiple.htm 19.09.06) Non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive that is used in many languages possibly in conjunction with an auxiliary and that functions attributively, predicatively or adverbially. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1341)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteVerb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Extraposition

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment *EXP* — Expletive (extraposition) ... In cases where a clausal subject has been extraposed and replaced by an expletive it, we use a type of pseudo-attach called *EXP*. (In the small ATIS sample included with this release, it is also used for existential there.) Use of *EXP*-attach is discussed in more detail in section 17 [It-Extraposition]. (S (NP-SBJ (NP It) (SBAR *EXP*-1)) (VP is (ADJP-PRD clear) (PP to (NP me)) (SBAR-1 that (S (NP-SBJ this message) (VP is (ADJP-PRD unclear)))))) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo DEPRECATED: reimplemented as class hierarchy
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:169

_:179

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:180

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:181
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES WHPronoun with Wh-Type="Interrogative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A interrogative pronoun is a pro-form that is used in questions in place of the item questioned for. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInterrogativeProForm.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEvaluativeFeature

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EvaluativeFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Antipassive

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Antipassive
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Derives an intransitive verb from a transitive stem whereby the original agent (only) is cross-referrenced by the absolutive markers on the verb and the original patient, if it appears, is in an oblique phrase. (England 1983:110) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Antipassive)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Predicate

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adapted from http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/predicate
Note that most predicates are also (semantic) Heads of the respective clause (cf. van Valin and Lapolla 1997, who, however, use the term "nucleus"). A syntax-centered approach on heads may, however, assign the label Head to an auxiliary. As "head" is ambiguous between a syntactic function (finite verb) and a semantic function (predicate), a direct association is avoided here.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The predicate is the relation between the Clause and a portion of a clause, excluding the subject, that expresses something about the subject (Crystal 1980: 280; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 182; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 173; Pike and Pike 1982: 40; Mish et al. 1990: 926; Crystal 1985: 241-242). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/predicate)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasGender

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#GenderFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:132
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:182

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:183

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES WHPronoun with Wh-Type="Relative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause, functions grammatically within the relative clause, and is coreferential to the word modified by the relative clause. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsARelativePronoun.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Inclusive

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3030
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment the form denoting that the addressee (addressees) are included into the set of their referents which contain also the speaker
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ClusivityFeature

_:12

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:113
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:184

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasStrength
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:88

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:1

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Token
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasChild

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label main punctuation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf punctuation (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2075
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is more important than a secondary punctuation with regards to sentence splitting in a text. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2075)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Punctuation

_:160

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:96

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasAspect

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:183

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:185
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActiveVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#activeVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is in the active voice. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_voice 17.11.06) Associated with transitivity, when the action is performed by an agent (subject) on another participant (object), or with intransitivity (McIntosh 1984:108). Refers to the category of underived verb forms associated with the basic diathesis: Diathesis=D0:(X=SUBabs/nom) (Y=DIROBacc) (Shibatani 1995:7) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Active)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LexicalUnit

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced as a generalization over Lexeme and Phraseme (as opposed to phrase) with the extension to lexical-semantic resources like Uby
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A LexicalUnit is a grammatical expression that is known to the speakers of that language as a conventional expression of a particular concept. It consists of a single lexeme or a conventional combination of lexemes with certain unchangeable characteristics (CC).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticUnit

_:168

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasClusivity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Derivation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label derivation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1271
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Change in the form of a linguistic unit, usually modification in the base/root or affixation to create a new word. (Sue Ellen Wright + Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1271)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalProcess

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalMood

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label conditional
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf verbFormMood (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Inuktitut, conditionality is expressed by verbal inflection. Conditional mood signifies conditional relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) A conditional relation is a logical relation in which the illocutionary act employing one of a pair of propositions is expressed or implied to be true or in force if the other proposition is true. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRelation.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalModality

_:186

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:187

_:188

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:74

_:178

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:188
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCountability

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CountabilityFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PrepositionalPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A sequence of a preposition and its complement is a prepositional phrase. The complement of a preposition is usually a noun phrase (see examples 38 to 40), but may also be a clause or an adverb phrase. According to the categories recommended here, a prepositional phrase may be analysed further into preposition and noun phrase. The examples below demonstrate how this further analysis can be a recursive procedure. (38) [PP en [NP sustitucion [PP de [NP los canales correspondientes [PP de [NP 50 baudios NP] PP] NP] PP] NP] PP]. (39) [NP Fairbanks NP] [VP hummed [NP a few bars NP] VP] [PP in [NP a voice [VP made resonant [PP by [NP the very weakness [PP of [NP his chest NP] PP] NP] PP] VP] NP] PP]. (40) [PP En [NP el caso [PP de [NP un sistema mixto [PP en [NP el [CL que [VP se utilicen [NP canales [PP con [NP tres velocidades [PP de [NP modulacion NP] PP] diferentes NP] PP] NP] VP] CL] NP] PP] NP] PP] NP] PP] In a language such as Spanish, where a large proportion of the modification of nouns takes the form of a following preposition de and another noun, this recursion is extremely prevalent, as in 40. In cases where the prepositional phrase is complemented by a one word noun phrase, it may be advantageous to leave the analysis at this point, rather than continuing to analyse further by enclosing the complement (see also one-word constituents). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node34.html#SECTION00052500000000000000)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NounHeadedPhrase

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PaucalQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:70
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PaucalQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Quantifiers that enforce paucal agreement. In many Slavic languages, numerals between 2 and 4 (and some quantifiers) involve a specific agreement patterns that is different from that of smaller and greater numbers. In Russian, for example, genitive singular is requires. These numerals and quantifiers with the same characteristics are referred to here as "paucal quantifiers". (cf. David Pesetsky, http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~jtrommer/Harvard/pesetsky.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LeftParentheticalPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with a suggestion by Wilson and Leech (1996); http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2078 (open punctuation)
TODO: rename to OpeningPerentheticalPunctuation to support scripts running from left to right.
TODO: rename to OpenPunctuation
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Beginning of a paired punctuation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2078)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParentheticalPunctuation

_:10

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:34
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IrrealisModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#irrealisModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Irrealis modality indicates the situation to which it pertains is non-actual or non-factual. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#irrealisModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProperNoun

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label proper name
nom propre
proper noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Noun with Type="Proper".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Proper nouns (also called proper names) are the names of unique entities. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasPerson

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:189
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticAdjunct

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticAdjunct
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Prototypically, an optional (morpho)syntactic constituent. 'Satellites are not ... required by the predicate; they give optional further information pertaining to additional features of the SoA ..., the location of the SoA ..., the speaker's attitude towards or evaluation of the propositional content ..., or the character of the speech act...' (Dik, 1997:87) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticAdjunct) The category adjunct (ADJ) is assigned to those constituents that appear as optional additions, be it to the main verb or to a given noun. This means that they can be left out freely without a change in grammaticality or a significant change in meaning. In "John called Mary (from school) (with his cell phone)" the optional additions "from school" and "with his cell phone" are such optional additions that can be left out freely. Adjuncts are generally used to convey additional information about the time, place, manner, or cause of the event or situation described by the clause (see below). That is, they restrict the class of events/ situations described by the clause to a subset. If required the category ADJ can be split up into semantic sub-categories, that are annotated in layer semantic roles (time, location, etc.). (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.3)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

_:52

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ExistentialParticle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:190

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Animate

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label animate
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf animacy (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1911
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Perceived as alive. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1911)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AnimacyFeature

_:8

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:191
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MorphologicalParticle

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:78
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with TIGER MorphologicalParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in accordance with TIGER MorphologicalParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Token
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

_:192

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativePronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:63

http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#Relation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:142

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:193
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalHead

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalHead
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with the SFB632 Annotation Guidelines (Dipper et al. 2007)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A Verb (V) at the syntax layer is either a lexical (VLEX) or a copula verb (VCOP) at the POS layer. Modal verbs and auxiliaries are not annotated in the constituent structure. The verb and its arguments are placed at the same CSn layer. Raising and control verbs are treated like ordinary verbs. They subcategorize for a sentential complement. (Dipper et al 2007, §3.3.3)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Head

_:5

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:186
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCoordType

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CoordTypeFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ImperativeModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperativeModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a command, request, or exhortation (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperativeModality)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActionalModality

_:194

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:195

_:196

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Token
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParentheticalPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with Penn Treebank Bracketing Guidelines (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Parenthetical elements are dominated by a node labeled PRN. Punctuation marks that set off a parenthetical (i.e., commas, dashes, parentheses (-LRB- and -RRB-)) are contained within the PRN node. Use of PRN is determined ultimately by individual annotator intuition, though the presence of dashes or parentheses strongly suggests a parenthetical. (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondaryPunctuation

_:197

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Emphatic
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEmphasis

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdverbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adverb phrase may consist of an adverb, or a sequence of words in which an adverb is the head of the phrase. Adverb phrases may function as adverbials, as in 41: (41) [NP Her beautiful white hat NP] [VP was [ADVP very nearly ADVP] ruined VP] or as modifiers of adjectives, as in 42: (42) [NP Il NP] [VP parle [ADVP infiniment plus couramment ADVP] VP] or noun phrases, as in 43: (43) [NP They NP] [VP let [NP me NP] [VP speak VP] [ADVP now and then ADVP] VP] or as the complement of a preposition, as in 44: (44) [ADVP Strangely enough ADVP] , [NP we NP] [VP received [NP a reply NP] [NP the next day NP] VP] Other examples: (45) [NP The book NP] [VP is [ADVP right here ADVP] VP] (46) [ADVP Como [NP resultado [PP de [NP esa trama NP] PP] NP] ADVP] [VP no se lleva [PP a cabo PP] [NP ninguna acción NP] VP] (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node35.html)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

_:198

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:147

_:145

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:199
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:200

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticRole
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3836
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Clarify relationship with DirectSpeech
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteClause

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Clause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MiddleVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#middleVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A verb that appears active but expresses a passive action may be called middle voice, e.g. 'The chicken cooked in the oven'. In Greek the middle voice is often reflexive expressing a causative reading or that the action is performed for one's own benefit. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#middleVoice)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEmphasis

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EmphasisFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Lexeme

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label lexeme
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1325
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Minimal unit of language which : has a semantic interpretation and embodies a distinct cultural concept. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsALexeme.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1325)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LexicalUnit

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo 2010/04/08 merged with EAGLES NPFunction "NPFunction is an additional optional attribute for adjectives. It subsumes the values HeadFunction, Postmodifying and Premodifying." (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1a 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:200

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSeparability

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SeparabilityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:95

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:123

_:201

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PaucalQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumeralAgreementClass

_:61

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:202

_:203

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Countable
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCountability

_:202

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:163

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLE top-level category "Article" (AT): In Eagles articles are subsumed under determiners and kept as a separate class. It is a sub-class of determiners which is disjoint with the other determiner classes. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recn 18.09.06) Modelled here as sub-class of Determiner because of its syntactic function.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An article is a member of a small class of determiners that identify a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and the new or given status. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnArticle.htm 02.05.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonfiniteVerbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TüBa-D/Z
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbPhrase

_:64

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:111

_:193

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:204

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondPersonPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Pronoun with Person="Second". According to Mish et al. (1990:878), this pertains to PersonalPronoun only (and ReflexivePronoun as German "dich"), so SecondPersonPronoun is modelled as a PersReflPronoun here.
TODO: Person as property
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Second person deixis means deictic reference to a person or persons identified as addressee. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsSecondPersonDeixis.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeTense

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label relative tense
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relativeTense
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Relative tense is a tense that refers to a time in relation to a contextually determined temporal reference point, regardless of the latter’s temporal relation to the moment of utterance. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relativeTense with reference to http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/whatisrelativetense.htm)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature

_:190

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:66

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:158
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: extend with TDS numberProperty and GOLD NumberValue
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:205
_:39

_:206

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Emphatic
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEmphasis

_:107

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasPerson
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefinitePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Pronoun with Pron.-Type="Indefinite".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that belongs to a class whose members indicate indefinite reference. Examples in English are "anybody", "one", "somebody". (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnIndefinitePronoun.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#StillPresent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/StillPresent
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment StillPresentTense is similar to PresentTense but carries the presupposition that an event or state held before the moment of utterance. In positive declarative clauses, still present tense asserts that the event or state holds at the moment of utterance (Comrie 1985: 54; named changed from 'StillTense'). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/StillPresent)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Mood feature pertains to grammaticalized moods (as expressed in verbal inflection), Modality refers to the underlying concept that can also be manifested by other grammatical or orthographic markers. Every Mood concept however, entails the corresponding Modality, hence modelled as subsmption between these.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:92
_:136

_:207

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessiveDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo PTB Bracketing Guidelines, Santorini (1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The term \adjunction structure" refers to structures which would be represented by tree diagrams of the general form in (@9). The de ning characteristic of adjunction structures is that a node X dominates another instance of X. (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticConstruction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ElementWithoutClitic

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ElementWithoutClitic"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Expression representing a lexeme without any clitics (i.e. because of the absence of cliticization or because the clitic is represented separately) (Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Cliticization

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:208
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#InterrogativeQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 pecs, Numeral/Class="interrogative" are items meaning `how many/much', etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#InterrogativeQuantifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Gerund

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES NonFiniteVerb with VerbForm="Gerund"; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2243 (gerundive)
cf. ILPOSTS NominalParticiple, for Indian languages, there in contrast with AdjectivalParticiple, AdverbialParticiple and ConditionalParticiple, but no definition provided. (http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#NominalParticiple)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment property for a non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2243) A gerund is a kind of verbal noun that exists in some languages. In today's English, gerunds are nouns built from a verb with an '-ing' suffix. They can be used as the subject of a sentence, an object, or an object of preposition. They can also be used to complement a subject. Often, gerunds exist side-by-side with nouns that come from the same root but the gerund and the common noun have different shades of meaning. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund, http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/English:Gerund 19.09.06) The term _gerund_ is ambiguous: with respect to Latin, in whose grammatical tradition it originates, it refers to a deverbal noun, and is needed in this function for Polish as well; in descriptions of some other languages, however, it has been used for an adverbial participle. The two meanings have nothing in common, except that the English _ing_-form can translate both. (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/09) Here, it is assumed that Gerund refers only to deverbal nouns, cf. NominalNonfiniteVerb in the IIIT tagset (http://purl.org/olia/iiit.owl#NominalNonFiniteVerb)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteVerb

_:204

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:209
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:59

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:210

_:208

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:140
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adposition

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Adposition (AP).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adposition is a cover term for prepositions, postpositions and circumpositions. It expresses a grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdposition.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adposition 19.09.06) The majority of cases of adpositions we have to consider in European languages are prepositions. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#SECTION00062200000000000000 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

_:139

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Emphatic
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEmphasis

_:211

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasModality
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessiveDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Determiner with DetType="Possessive".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A possessive determiner is a part of speech that modifies a noun by attributing ownership to someone or something. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_adjective 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessivePronoun
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AttributivePronoun

_:212

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TimeRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

_:209

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PluralQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumeralAgreementClass

_:191

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:213

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdnominalConstituent

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label adnominal modifier
nominal modifier
adnominal constituent
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#nominalModifier
TODO: rename to AdnominalModifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adnominal wird jedes Element in einer Konstruktion bezeichnet, das der Modifizierung eines Nomens dient, d.h. alle Formen von Attributen wie Adjektive, Genitivattribute, PrÃ¤positionalattribute, RelativsÃ¤tze. Zum Beispiel, das schÃ¶ne Haus; das Haus des Nachbars; das Haus am See; das Haus, das ich mir schon immer gewÃ¼nscht habe. (http://www.uni-trier.de/uni/fb2/ldv/ldv_wiki/index.php/Adnominal)
Each element in a construction is called adnominal that modifies a nominal, such as, all types of attributives, such as adjectives, possessives, prepositional attributes and relative clauses, such as the beautiful house; the neighbour’s house, the house at the sea, the house, that I want. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#nominalModifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Modifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#UndergoerMacroRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#undergoerRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The least agentive argument of the current clause (van Valin and Lapolla 1997), the designated object (from a semantic perspective).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CountabilityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:214

_:215

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DualQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumeralAgreementClass

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EmphasisFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo in EAGLES and MULTEXT-East restricted to pronouns, in ILPOSTS applicable to many different WordClasses, hence modelled as an independent feature, cf. http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Emphasis
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:43

_:174

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:216

_:41

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasVoice
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label numératif
numeral
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Numeral (NU). Modelled as subclass of Quantifier (a concept that is absent in EAGLES) in accordance with GOLD. DCR subclassification (numberBoth, numeralRoman) ignored
Subclassification combines syntactic (Ordinal/CardinalNumeral) and morphological (Fraction, ApproximateNumeral) criteria. To be resolved. In the MULTEXT-East ontology, the latter aspect is represented as http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MorphologicalFormOfNumeral
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as an adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number, and relation to the number, such as one of the following: Quantity, Sequence, Frequency, Fraction. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANumeral.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasDefiniteness

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DefinitenessFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:42

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasVoice
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasDegree

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DegreeFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:217
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CoordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Conjunction with Type="Coordinating". EAGLES' optional CoordType attribute subclassifies coordinating conjunctions, with respect to positional characteristics (repetition/pairing of expressions forming complex conjunctions). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06) CoordType was originally implemented as MorphosyntacticFeature, the new modelling follows the MULTEXT-East ontology (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CoordinatingConjunction_PositionalType)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two items of equal syntactic importance. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Conjunction

_:218

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionWord
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:219

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:194
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Possible

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1865
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Value that denotes a linguistic situation considered as being correct in the given language
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#UsageAndFrequencyFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SingularQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:220
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SingularQuantifier (MTE v4 Numeral/Class="definite1", http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SingularQuantifier) Numeral/Class="definite", Numeral/Class="definite1", Numeral/Class="definite234" etc. refer to specific patterns of congruency with Slavic numerals that originate from the difference between Old Slavic singular (definite1), dual (definite2, definite234) and plural (definite).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A singular quantifier is a quantifier or a numeral that specifies a single referent from a set. (Chiarcos) In Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, the corresponding category Numeral/Class="definite1" is applied to the numeral "one". (MTE v4)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass

_:221

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Present
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasTense

_:32

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:198
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:205

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumber
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteRelativeTense

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label absolute-relative tense
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absoluteRelativeTense
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Absolute-relative tense is a tense that (i) refers to a time in relation to a temporal reference point that, in turn, is referred to in relation to the moment of utterance (ii) in which the time and the reference point are not identical, and (iii) the reference point and the moment of utterance are not identical. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absoluteRelativeTense with reference to http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/whatisabsoluterelativetense.htm)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature

_:114

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:203
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NounHeadedPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A NounHeadedPhrase takes a nominal as its (semantic) head. Introduced as a generalization over NounPhrase and PrepositionalPhrase for reasons of consistency with dependency parsers like Connexor where this differentiation is not made.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

_:222

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCase
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty

_:223

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:177
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:199

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality 1
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasChild

_:97

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocationRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SecondaryPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label secondary punctuation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf punctuation (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2076
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation that is not very important with regards to sentence splitting in a text. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2076)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Punctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PrepositionalObject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with SFB632 annotation guidelines (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.4)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Prepositional object
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticObject

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#First

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label first person
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1288
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/First
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment First person deixis is deictic reference that refers to the speaker, or both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1288) cf. gold:First: Refers to the speaker and one or more nonparticipants, but not hearer(s). Contrasts with FirstPersonInclusive (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/First)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalRealisModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo ILPOSTS (Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Real is restricted to conditional participles, hence probably a subtype of ConditionalMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Conditional Mood (modality) with Realis meaning (ILPOSTS)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Affix

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label affix
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1234
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Letter or group of letters which are added to a word to make a new word. (Sue Ellen Wright; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1234)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FixedExpression

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PartOfFixedExpression
Corresponds to MTE Burkinostka (Adverb/Clitic="burkinostka"; Polish) "Burkinostka was a local joke :). IsPartOfFixedExpression, to be more precise. Or somehow shorter." (Natalia Kotsyba, email 2010/06/21, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PartOfFixedExpression)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Some forms can only be used in a fixed context, e.g., polsku in po polsku. They are classified as special kinds of adjectives in the IPIC. In the MTE version this information is preserved in the status of a "burkinostka". This term is devised by Magdalena Derwojedowa and refers to dependent words like Burkina which only make sense and can be morphosyntactically identified in a fixed combination (Burkina Faso).
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Collocation

_:40

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:192

_:210

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Residual
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RelativeDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Determiner with Wh-Type="Relative".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The relative determiner describes a attributive relative pronoun. In German "wessen" in "Ich weiss nicht, wessen Auto das ist." or the English "whose" in "The man whose daughter became ill.". The relative determiner needs a noun to complete a NP (Nominal Phrase). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.28, 07.05.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHDeterminer

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SeparabilityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:224
_:131

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PresentParticiple

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:219
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo introduced as a shorthand for Participle and hasTense some Present
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TimeRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with Stanford Parser Dependency Label TIME and SFB632 annotation guidelines (Dipper et al. 2007)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Semantic role corresponding to the label "TIME" used by the Stanford Dependency Parser. Time covers a point or an interval of time at which the action takes place. (Dipper et al. 2007, §5.3.9) -TMP (temporal) — marks temporal or aspectual adverbials that answer the questions when, how often, or how long. It has some uses that are not strictly adverbial, such as with dates that modify other NPs (see section 11 [Modification of NP]). (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

_:102

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Raising
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:225

_:213

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:206
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:60

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasReduplicationType
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SentenceTypeFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:133

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Noun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:68

_:226

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:201
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ActorMacroRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#actorRole
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The most agentive semantic role of the current clause (van Valin and Lapolla 1997), designated subject (from a semantic point of view)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

_:172

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasInflectionType
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:224

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSeparability
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#UsageAndFrequencyFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:138

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticArgument
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:187

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:227
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#VerbalParticle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A verbal particle modifies the verb and carries information on the verb form (e.g., finiteness, tense and aspect). (Dimitrova et al. 2009, Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09). In the Bulgarian MTE specs, Particle/Type=verbal(v) is used to form different type of verbal syntactical relationships, e.g. to create future tense (ще говориш), or particles like се, да. (Dimitrova et al. 2009) The Romanian MTE v4 specs provide a more fine-grained subclassification of (verbal) particles (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#VerbalParticle)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Particle

_:72

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:143
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:228

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adposition
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:162

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasEvaluativeFeature
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:137

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:227

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InstrumentRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment This category is slightly more difficult to define, since there is disagreement over the extent of the verb phrase. In particular, should the verb phrase include only the words that are verbs, or should it also include the complements of the verb? In the examples given in this document, and in the sample texts in the appendices, we have chosen to include the complements, but it must be noted that this is an open issue, and we are in no way implying that this analysis is preferable to the alternative. The choice to be made at this level, i.e. the inclusion or exclusion of verbal complements in the Verb Phrase, is shown by the examples in 27 and 28, 27 showing the inclusion of the complement of the verb in the verb phrase and 28 excluding the complement: (27) He [VP took up [NP a clothes brush NP] VP] (28) He [VP took up VP] [NP a clothes brush NP] An advantage in the type of analysis shown in 27 is that the relative levels of the constituents can be shown to a greater extent -- i.e. complements of the verb are included in the verb phrase, while adjuncts and peripheral adverbials are left at sentence level. However, in a case where an adjunct occurs before the complement of the verb, the approaches used in 27 and 28 would cause problems, since either both the adjunct and the complement would be included as daughters of the verb phrase, or both would be daughters of the sentence, rather than keeping the complement as a daughter of the verb phrase and the adjunct as a sister of the verb phrase. These problems may be solved by an additional notation, but at some level, arbitrariness is inevitable. Regardless of the choice made over the extent of the Verb Phrase, there arises a problem of discontinuous Verb Phrases. A complex verbal construction may be discontinuous, e.g. the auxiliary and the main verb are separated in inverted constructions in English, or the main verb is positioned at the end of the sentence in German and Dutch. Such discontinuity can be avoided by having different labels and constituents for the auxiliary verb and the main verb, resulting in an analysis as shown in the Dutch example 29 below: (29) [NP Ze NP] [AUX zullen AUX] [ADVP er ADVP] [VP [NP de VN-agenda [PP voor [NP het komende jaar NP] PP] NP] behandelen VP]. and in the English interrogative inverted example 30, using the so-called `dummy auxiliary' do: (30) [AUX Do AUX] [NP they NP] [VP confide [PP in you PP] VP]? As with Noun Phrases, Verb Phrases can be identified by a constituency test. In strong constituency languages like English, the whole VP can be moved, but not part of it: compare 31 and 32: (31) Give in to blackmail, I never will (32) *Give in, I never will to blackmail However, there are languages in which constituent tests do not work. These will typically be languages with flexible word order, such as Finnish. 33 is an example of a discontinuous VP (Vilkuna 1989: 26): (33) Maailmaa nähnyt hän on. world-Part seen he is `He IS a widely-travelled person.' For Finnish, then, evidence for a VP is less convincing than it is for English, and a dependency approach seems the more natural choice. (Covington (1990) provides a parsing strategy for variable word order languages and Covington (1991) for parsing discontinuous constituents, both using a dependency syntax approach.) In Italian also, constituency tests cannot be applied. This can be shown through the distribution of VP-adverbs (e.g. completamente `completely', intenzionalmente `intentionally', attentamente `carefully') and S-adverbs (e.g. probabilmente `probably', certamente `certainly'). In English, these different classes of adverbs have a different distribution within the sentence. In contrast, in Italian, the distinct adverb classes cannot be distinguished on the basis of their distribution in the sentence. S-adverbs and VP-adverbs can occur in the same positions within the sentence, as illustrated in examples 34 to 37: (34) Attentamente/certamente, il bambino ascoltó la storia `Carefully/certainly, the child listened to the story' (35) Il bambino attentamente/certamente ascoltó la storia `The child carefully/certainly listened to the story' (36) Il bambino ascoltó attentamente/certamente la storia `The child listened carefully/certainly to the story' (37) Il bambino ascoltó la storia attentamente/certamente `The child listened to the story carefully/certainly' Thus, in Italian as well as other languages, neither the position nor the syntactic context can help to decide whether an adverb is an S-adverb or a VP-adverb; this can only be stated by considering its semantic content and the way it relates to the content of the predicate or the sentence. This situation has consequences for the success of standard VP-tests. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node33.html)
VerbPhrase is the class of phrases that have verbs as heads. They can play the role of predicate in a main clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/VerbPhrase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

_:229

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:223

_:141

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionWord
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasChild

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In hierarchical relations, the parent is modelled as source, the child as target.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasTarget

_:81

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:218

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:150

_:9

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:53

_:16

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:230
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:176

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSpecificity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3839
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#passiveVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_voice 17.11.06) When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is said to be in the active voice. When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#passiveVoice) Passive is often not clearly distinguished from Inverse: According to Givón (1988), Inverse is characterized by obligatory realization of the suppressed agent, whereas the realization of the agent in a passive construction is optional (or impossible). This restrictive definition of passive does, however, conflict with the use of the term "passive" for European languages. Then, English and German "Passive" would be Inverses. Therefore, Inverse is a subconcept of Passive here. Givón's original Passive is NonInversePassive.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An embedded construction which contains a non-finite verb form (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#non-finiteEmbeddedConstruction with reference to Dik 1997)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Clause

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessivePronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: Check regrouping possibilities, as it is covered by the GOLD definition of PersonalPronoun (i.e., person marking, although no person congruency). PossessivePronoun isn't disjoint with IndefinitePronoun (German: "jemandes" nach jemandes Pfeife tanzen), DemonstrativePronoun (German:"dessen" Zähne alle exakt gleich waren), WHPronoun (German: "wessen" Bedürfnissen soll sie genügen), ReflexivePronoun (Old English "sin" his/her/its).
EAGLES Pronoun with Pron.-Type="Possessive".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that expresses relationships like ownership, such as kinship, and other forms of association. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPossessivePronoun.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Phrase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Phrase is the class of syntactic constructions that consist of one or more syntactic words, but lack the subject-predicate organization of a clause. Phrases get their grammatical characteristics according to what word occupies the head position; thus, all phrases have heads [Crystal 1980, 232-233; Pei and Gaynor 1954, 169; Pike and Pike 1982, 453]. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Phrase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Constituent

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Third

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Third
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Third person is deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee. For example in English "he", "she", "they" or the third person singular verb suffix -s, e.g. in "He sometimes flies." (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm 20.11.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PersonFeature

_:231

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:134
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:79

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:196

_:217

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:166

_:232

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasTense
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:90

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Lexeme
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:233

_:234

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHPronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:108

_:17

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Nonspecific
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSpecificity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES PronounOrDeterminer with Category="Pronoun".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A pronoun is a pro-form which functions like a noun and substitutes for a noun or a noun-phrase. A language may have several classes of pronouns. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPronoun.htm 19.09.06) A pronominal is a phrase that functions as a pronoun (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPronominal.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1369)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer

_:38

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:231

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CauseRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with the SFB632 Annotation Guidelines (Dipper et al. 2007)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Cause indicates the reason why something happens and is often expressed by a PP (because of, with, through etc.). Sometimes this role is close to the role of Instrument. The criterion for the choice of tag CAUSE is if the expression can be paraphrased through a clausal subordinate clause. (Dipper et al. 2007, 5.3.10)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

_:87

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PossessivePronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:153

_:91

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:83
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#LexicalRelation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:116

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasPolarity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalProcess

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ConditionalModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label conditional
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf verbFormMood (dcif:conceptualDomain)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Inuktitut, conditionality is expressed by verbal inflection. Conditional mood signifies conditional relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) A conditional relation is a logical relation in which the illocutionary act employing one of a pair of propositions is expressed or implied to be true or in force if the other proposition is true. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRelation.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSemanticRole

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasMood

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MoodFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasModality

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubjunctiveModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subjunctive, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#subjunctiveModality
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker. (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Subjunktiv 18.06.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Morpheme

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label morpheme
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1330
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1330)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphologicalCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Unique (U). "The unique value (U) is applied to categories with a unique or very small membership, such as negative particle, which are ‘unassigned’ to any of the standard part-of-speech categories. The value unique cannot always be strictly applied, since (for example) Greek has three negative particles ... No subcategories are recommended, although it is expected that tagsets for individual languages will need to identify such one-member word-classes as Negative particle, Existential particle, Infinitive marker, etc" (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html) According to the EAGLES definition and examples, this seems to be closely related to "particle". Particles are uninflected function words, in a broader sense, everything which is not inflected is a particle, i.e. including interjections, in GOLD, uninflected items such as adpositions, conjunctions and interjections are excluded: "A particle is a partOfSpeech whose members do not belong to one of the main classes of words, is invariable, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning." The EAGLES definition emphasizes the invariability of particles.
TODO: rename to Particle
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Unique approximates the linguistic concept "Particle". It covers categories with unique or very small membership, such as negative particle, which are `unassigned' to any of the standard part-of-speech categories. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mp 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Modifier

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticAdjunct
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Modifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with TIGER, equivalent to SyntacticAdjunct, cf. definition by Dipper et al. (2007) there
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment added in conformance with TIGER
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SyntacticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Token

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label token
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1403
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Character string surrounded by separators. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1403)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#Constituent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2008/SyntacticConstruction
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Constituents correspond to a GOLD SyntacticConstruction: SyntacticConstruction is the class of grammar units that have syntactic structure, i.e., consisting of more than one syntactic word or construction in a syntactic configuration. [Crystal 1980, 85-86]. (http://www.linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2008) Corresponds to units of annotation in the EAGLES recommendations for syntactic annotation (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node29.html#SECTION00052000000000000000)

_:230

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexiveDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:207

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Intensifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Ancorra, http://purl.org/olia/ancorra.owl#Intensifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment For Hindi, words like 'bahuta', 'kama', etc. when intensifying adjectives or adverbs will be annotated as INTF. Example, h37. hEdarAbAda meM aMgUra bahuta_INTF acche milate hEM 'HyderabAd' 'in' 'grapes' 'very' 'good' 'available' 'are' “Very good grapes are available in Hyderabad” (Bharati et al. 2006) Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Unique

_:26

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:121
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:54

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InverseVoice

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/InverseVoice
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Signals when actions proceed from ontologically less salient to more salient participants (Klaiman 1991:32) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/InverseVoice)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PassiveVoice

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReflexiveDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label reflexive adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf determiner (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1377
TOCHECK: Are there non-possessive reflexive determiners ?
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Determiner that refers to the same entity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1377)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

_:4

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:164
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalNoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Missing in EAGLES, added as subclass of Verb and Noun in accordance with the SFB632 annotation guidelines: VN verbal noun (§4.3.12.2): Some of the Chadic languages have morphologically opaque verbal noun stems in the progresive aspect, i.e. it is not obvious from the morphology that we deal with a deverbal noun, instead of a verb proper. In such cases, use the tag VN.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A verbal noun is a noun formed directly as an inflexion of a verb or a verb stem, sharing at least in part its constructions. This term is applied especially to gerunds, and sometimes also to infinitives and supines. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_noun 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CommonNoun
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NonFiniteVerb

_:185

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SingularQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumeralAgreementClass

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumber

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumberFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:171
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Subclassification in absolute, relaive and absolute-relative adopted from TDS. Habitual is modelled here as Aspect, in accordance with GOLD, replaced here by NotTemporallyAnchored. Skipped TDS non-presentTense (= complement of Present), http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonFuture, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonPast, redefined Future and Past as superconcepts to cover different future and past tenses
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:232

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHTypeAdverbs

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo See remarks on WHPronoun, this is actually a language-specific trait and should probably be removed.
TODO: rename to WHTypeAdverb
EAGLES Adverb with Polarity="Wh-type".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adverb that serves to express interrogativity, exclamation or that serves to link a subordinate clause to the matrix clause. (Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DualQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:48
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DualQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Quantifiers that enforce dual agreement (i.e., as with the numeral "2"). Some feminine and neuter body parts in Czech have preserved dual forms, and if the noun is dual, so are its attributes (adjectives, pronouns). So the agreement of the numeral 2 differs formally from 3-4 (Ivan A. Derzhanski, email 2010/06/16, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DualQuantifier) Numeral/Class="definite", Numeral/Class="definite1", Numeral/Class="definite234" etc. refer to specific patterns of congruency with Slavic numerals that originate from the difference between Old Slavic singular (definite1), dual (definite2, definite234) and plural (definite). (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DualQuantifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#PhonologicalProcess

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCase

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain _:109
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DebitiveModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3835
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Mood to express necessity or requirement
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

_:73

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasGender
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:71

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:226

_:128

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionWord
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReflexivityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: integrate with VoiceFeature (as in the TDS Ontology) implementation
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:120
_:235
http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSpecificity

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SpecificityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticObject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticObject
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In linguistics, the object of a transitive verb is one of its core arguments, which generally represents the target of the verb's action or the undergoer of its effects. In more general terms, an object is a patient. Verbs with no object (as in the sentence "I run") are called intransitive verbs. Those which do take objects are called transitive verbs. Transitive verbs which take only one object are known as monotransitive. Ditransitive verbs have two objects, a patient and a recipient. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_%28grammar%29). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticObject) An object, traditionally defined, is either a direct object or an indirect object. An object, in some usages, is any grammatical relation other than subject (Crystal 1985: 211; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 155-156; Mish et al. 1990: 814, Comrie 1989: 66). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/object)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticArgument

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#LocationRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#locationRole, cf. the TIGER edge label "Locative"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Semantic role for the final location of action or a time of the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326) Adverbials that indicate place/setting of the event. (PP-LOC on (NP the moon)) May also indicate metaphorical location: (PP-LOC amongst (NP yourselves)) (Bies et al. 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasMovementFeature

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MovementFeature
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#UnitOfAnnotation
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ReferentTypeFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:84

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:216

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:236

_:237

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasValency
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasParent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In hierarchical relations, the parent is modelled as source, the child as target.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasSource

_:165

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:146
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Past

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#pastTense
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The past tense is a verb tense expressing action, activity, state or being in the past. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense 17.11.06) The past tense refers to a tense category which places an event in the past. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#pastTense)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Qualifier

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Qualifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1373
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Also called MODIFIER : A word or phrase that qualifies the sense of another word; for example, the noun alarm is a modifier of clock in "alarm clock" and the phrase every day is an adverbial modifier of walks in "he walks every day" (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=modifier; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1373)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Modifier

_:220

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:182
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NullElement

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:238

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:161

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasProximity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticValency

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo SUSANNE (Sampson 1995)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In annotation schemes for morphosyntax, "valency" normally means syntactic valency, i.e., the number of syntactic arguments a verb/clause takes.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label pronom / determinatif
pronoun or determiner
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category PronounOrDeterminer (PD). The existence of this class is, however, controversial. In EAGLES, it has been introduced for reasons of lexical ambiguity in European languages thus it could be described by the joint of Pronoun and Determiner rather than as an independent class. Indeed, at least one fundamental difference is blurred here: Determiners are purely modifiers whereas pronouns contribute independent meaning. This could be adopted here as a criterion for higher-level organization of the OLiA Reference Model. The original EAGLES definition is not very specific about the difference between Pronouns and Determiners. Here, we assume two definitions: * semantic definition of pronouns: Pronouns are bound variables. They are referential. * syntactic definition of determiners: Determiners turn nominal expressions (of type ) into noun phrases (of type ). Note that these definitions are not exclusive (which is why annotation schemes differ in this aspect). Attributive possessive pronouns ('my book', 'their article') are semantically pronouns (they have an independent reference), but syntactically determiners. For the sub-classes, no exclusivity is required as Olia allows a hybrid ("both") category by multiple inheritance.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The parts of speech Pronoun, Determiner and Article heavily overlap in their formal and functional characteristics, and different analyses for different languages entail separating them out in different ways. In Eagles, Pronouns and Determiners are placed in one `super-category'. For some descriptions it may be thought best to treat them as totally different parts of speech. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recp 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ValencyFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ValencyFeature cannot be reflexive, because hasSyntacticValency is distinguished from hasSemanticValency
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:237

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronominalAdverb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label pronominal adverb
adverbial pronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3011 (adverbialPronoun)
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Adverb with Adverb-Type="Pronominal". Against the EAGLES definition given below, pronominal adverbs can but don't have to be used for pronominal references, thus this special and diachronically important case is better described by the join of this with personal pronoun.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pronominal adverbs substitute for a preposition (which is incorporated into them) and an NP, cf. English therefore lit. "for this (reason, ...)", German deswegen lit. "because of this (reason, ...)". (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/elm_de/node235.html 21.09.06, examples Ch. Chiarcos)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ObligativeModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3356
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment ObligativeModality indicates that an agent is required to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 177; Palmer 2001: 71].
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

_:175

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSpecificity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#IndefiniteQuantifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#IndefiniteQuantifier
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="indefinite" are items meaning `several/some', etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#IndefiniteQuantifier)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ProQuantifier

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#CausalModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Nowak (1996)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Inuktitut, causality is expressed by verbal inflection. Causal mood signifies causal relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label adjective
adjectif
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Adjective (AJ).
the subclassification of Adjective currently conflates syntactic (PredicativeAdjective), morphological (ParticipleAdjective) and semantic (QualifierAdjective, RelativeAdjective) criteria. to be resolved
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An Adjective is a noun-modifying expression that specifies the properties or attributes of the nominal referent. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdjective.htm 18.9.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#TenseMarkingParticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo adopted from Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#TenseMarker)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Dzongkha has also a tense marker, which is not complicated like in other languages. It has got only six tense markers and can be used in a very simple and effective way. They are: ('Ni'+'Wong') for future, ('D'o'+'D'ä') for present and ('Ci'+'Yi') for past tense. ང་ ནངས་པ་ འ ་ ། Nga naba jo-ni[past tense] I tomorrow go-will-[past] 'I am going tomorrow' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#VerbalParticle

http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasSource

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty

_:21

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:239

_:195

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:221
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#String

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2182
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Introduced as a generalization over numeralRoman which is orthographically defined but not a single character
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Character string to be interpreted in context
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#OrthographicEntity

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasVoice

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#VoiceFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:156

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasGender
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InterrogativeDeterminer

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass _:80
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Determiner with WhType="Interrogative"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A interrogative is a function word used to introduce an interrogative clause. E.g. "which", "what", "whose" (interrogative possessive determiner) are interrogative determiner in English. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogative_word 02.05.07)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#WHDeterminer

_:239

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MorphologicalParticle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:228

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Emphatic

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with ILPOSTS, cf. http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticPronoun, http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1941 (emphatic pronoun)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Pronoun marked to show its importance. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1941) In Romanian, the so-called emphatic determiner may accompany both a noun and a personal pronoun: fata *însăşi* (the girl *herself*), also ea *însăşi* (she *herself*). (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer) Emphasis can not only be expressed on nouns and pronouns, but also at verbs, adverbs, adpositions, etc., cf. http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Emphasis
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#EmphasisFeature

_:2

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:65
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Note that also Indian case markers were included here (ILPOSTS). These are described differently, either as postpositions or as grammatical cases.
Skipped EAGLES case feature values Uninflected (uninformative), and NonGenitive (= complement of Genitive). As for TDS case feature values, only "grammaticalCase" has been adopted. As for GOLD case feature values, everything has been adopted, although it seems that some of these cases are actually semantic (theta) roles, i.e., "case" in the sense of Fillmore (1966), e.g., BenefactiveCase.
TODO: rename all subconcepts to ...Case
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:222

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasProximity

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ProximityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:49

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:240

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Punctuation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category Punctuation (PU). For subconcepts, Wilson and Leech (1996) propose two alternative classifications: Here, we implement the more interesting, i.e. position (the alternative is just enumeration of possible signs)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Punctuation marks (PU) are treated here as a part of morphosyntactic annotation, as it is very common for punctuation marks to be tagged and to be treated as equivalent to words for the purposes of automatic tag assignment. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mp 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Future

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES, http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#futureTense, http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Future
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The future tense refers to events that have yet to happen. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future 17.11.06) The future tense refers to a tense category which places an event in the future. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#futureTense) FutureTense locates the situation in question later than the present moment (time of speaking.) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Future)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

_:45

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:241

_:214

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasCountability
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:170

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasSyntacticFunction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

_:122

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:212
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Raising

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#RaisableArgument
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Control indicates how a an argument from a main clause will be utilized in a subclause. Control includes both control structures and raising structures of verbs/clauses (see Control). As opposed to this, the OLiA Raising class pertains to raisable/raised arguments, cf. http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#RaisableArgument
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MovementFeature

_:28

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:229
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:240

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:215
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasModality

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NounPhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment At phrase level, the noun phrase is probably the least problematic of the categories to be dealt with. In general, a noun phrase will a have noun or a pronoun as its head, and included within the noun phrase are the determinative elements, any premodification, and any postmodification. The examples below, 14 to 17 show noun phrases with the head noun/pronoun in bold: (14) [NP He NP] was a tiny man (15) [NP his white shirt cuffs NP] (16) [NP his surprisingly thick and hairy wrists NP] (17) [NP some wholly unanticipated but remotely possible event of absorbing interest NP] However, noun phrases may also occur with adjectival heads, as in 18 and 19: (18) [NP The unemployed NP] have had enough (19) We've beaten [NP the best NP] or with a head which is a cardinal or ordinal number, as in 20 and 21: (20) [NP The ninth NP] is my particular favourite (21) [NP The other seven NP] continued with the trip In `pro-drop' languages, such as Spanish and Italian, pronominal Subjects are usually not expressed. Depending on the chosen type of analysis, this may require another definition of noun phrase, in order to include `empty noun phrases', in which the pronoun is not actually present, but may be inferred from the verb ending. A classic constituency test for Noun Phrases is that only whole NPs can be moved within the same sentence. In English, constituents can be preposed to achieve some effect, as in 23 (from Radford 1988: 70): (22) I can't stand your elder sister (23) Your elder sister I can't stand (though your brother's OK). Examples 24 and 25 show that it is not possible to move only part of the NP: (24) *Your elder I can't stand sister (25) *Elder sister, I can't stand your However, this test should be used with caution. It works well in English, but not always in other languages. For example, in 26 Neue Bücher is moved to the beginning of the sentence while keine is left at the end: (26) Neue Bücher habe ich keine new books have I no `I have not got any new books' (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node32.html)
NounPhrase is the class of phrases that have nouns as heads. They can play the role of subject in a main clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NounPhrase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#NounHeadedPhrase

_:225

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticSubject
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:67

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:118

_:106

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:179
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#InstrumentRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#instrumentRole, cf. TIGER edge label "Instrumental"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SemanticRole added in conformance with TIGER
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MannerRole

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in conformance with the SFB632 annotation scheme (Dipper et al. 2007)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Manner applies to constituents that denote how something is carried out. Adverbs may also denote manner, however, they are not annotated at any of the syntactic layers. (Dipper et al. 2007, §5.3.11)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SemanticRole

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParticipleAdjective

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label participle adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo subClassOf adjective (dcif:isA)
http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1598
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Adjective based on a verb. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1598)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Participle
http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective

_:11

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:127
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:19

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:55
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuotativeModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Quotative, MTE VForm="quotative" (Estonian)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.
‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.
(Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan.Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbilitativeModality

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Adopted from ILPOSTS (for Indian languages), http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#AbilitativeMood
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment modality expressed by AbilitativeMood: Abilitative is a mood that indicates ability, comparable to the use of "can" in English. (http://zbb.spinnwebe.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=34901)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Nonspecific

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo see olia:NonspecificArticle, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonspecificPronoun
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment "By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf) A nonspecific pronoun refers to an unidentified or general entity (e.g., "I saw *someone*", "I saw *everyone*"). A nonspecific pronoun is not, therefore, a personal pronoun, but an indefinite one. (Andrews 2003). Andrews, Richard J. (2003), Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. University of Oklahoma Press. Halliday, M.A.K. (1985), An introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonspecificPronoun)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SpecificityFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TopologicalField

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Telljohann et al. (2009, p.13)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Topological fields are a descriptive formalism to describe regularities of the makro-structure of sentences, for example, in the traditional description of word order inseveral Germanic languages (e.g., German, Dutch, Danish). More recently, similar conceptions of topological fields have been further developed in the context of constructivistic grammar formalisms, e.g., Role and Reference Grammar (van Valin and LaPolla 1997).

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasNumeralAgreementClass

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#NumeralAgreementClass
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf http://purl.org/olia/system.owl#hasFeature

_:236

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Numeral
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:238

_:189

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf _:125

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Determiner

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label determiner
determinatif
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Note that "Determiner" in OLiA also covers determiner-like elements in languages without grammaticalized determiner category. This is because AttributePronoun is defined as being in the intersection of Determiner and Pronoun. In languages without grammaticalized determiners, attributive pronouns are, howevetr, not characterized as determiners, but rather as adjectives. In order to provide a uniform modeling of attributive pronouns, they are defined here as being the intersection of Determiner and Pronoun. (Chiarcos)
introduced AttributivePronoun as subclass of Determiner (Article is no AttributivePronoun)
EAGLES PronounOrDeterminer with category="Determiner"
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A determiner is a noun modifier that expresses the reference of a noun or noun phrase in the context, including quantity, rather than attributes expressed by adjectives. This part of speech is defined in some languages, such as in English, as it is distinct from adjectives grammatically, though most English dictionaries still identify the determiners as adjectives. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#StrengthFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: link with concept hierarchy
TODO: rename to ReductionFeature
merged with http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdjectiveFormation, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ReductionFeature: reduced vs. full inflection
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:36
_:184

_:149

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#complementOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AttributivePronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ModalityFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo note that Modality overlaps with SentenceType (cf. InterrogativeModality besides Question, DeclarativeModality vs. DeclarativeSentence, etc.). The main difference between both is the restriction of SentenceType to full sentences as a basis of analysis. Any updates should maintain this relationship.
Mood feature pertains to grammaticalized moods (as expressed in verbal inflection), Modality refers to the underlying concept that can also be manifested by other grammatical or orthographic markers
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf _:211
_:93

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SubordinatingConjunction

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Following EAGLES and MULTEXT-East, the subclassification of SubordinatingConjunction reflects constraints on MorphosyntacticFeatures of verbal and nominal arguments of subordinating conjunctions, in these cases verbal inflection (finiteness, negation) and Degree
EAGLES Conjunction with Type="Subordinating". The language- (German-) specific EAGLES feature "subord-type" was originally modelled as MorphosyntacticFeature, when integrating the MULTEXT-East ontology, it was remodelled within the taxonomy
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Subordinating conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that introduce a dependent clause. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Conjunction

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#FiniteVerb

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Verb with Finiteness="Finite".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A finite verb is a verb form that occurs in an independent clause, and is fully inflected according to the inflectional categories marked on verbs in the language. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAFiniteVerb.htm 19.09.06) Property applied to a verb form that can occur on its own in an independent sentence. (Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1287)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

_:6

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:151
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:241

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:129
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AbsoluteTense

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label absolute tense
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absoluteTense
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Absolute tense refers to a time in relation to the moment of utterance. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absoluteTense with reference to http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/whatisabsolutetense.htm")
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#TenseFeature

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#RegisterFeature

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Verb

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label verb
verbe
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES top-level category "Verb" (V)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action ("bring", "read"), occurrence ("decompose", "glitter"), or a state of being ("exist", "stand"). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc.). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

_:235

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasReflexivity
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasSelf true

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SentenceFinalPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo added in accordance with http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment SentenceFinalPunctuation are . ? !. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#MainPunctuation

_:18

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:242
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:233

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:85
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:56

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#QuestionWord
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DefiniteArticle

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo EAGLES Article with Article-Type="Definite".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A definite article is used before singular and plural nouns that refer to a particular member of a group. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%28grammar%29 18.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Article

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#DiscourseEntity

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

_:86

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PronounOrDeterminer
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:173

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#AdjectivePhrase

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AdjectivePhrase
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment An adjective phrase may consist of an adjective, or a sequence of words in which an adjective is the head of the phrase, as shown in 47 to 50 below. (47) [NP his [ADJP surprisingly thick and hairy ADJP] wrists NP] (48) [NP some [ADJP [ADJP wholly unanticipated ADJP] but [ADJP remotely possible ADJP] ADJP] event NP] (49) [S [NP His speeches NP] [VP are [ADVP always ADVP] [ADJP too long [PP for comfort PP] ADJP] VP] S] (50) [AUX have AUX] [NP you NP] [VP found [NP something [ADJP suitable [PP for [NP your needs NP] PP] ADJP] NP] VP] ? (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node36.html)
AdjectivePhrase is the class of phrases that have adjectives as heads. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AdjectivePhrase)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Phrase

_:180

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first _:197
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:144

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality 1
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#hasParent

_:167

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adverb
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

_:14

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#complementOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Adjective
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#SubordTypeFeature

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated true
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo reimplemented as concepts

_:242

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ContrastiveParticle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:243

_:243

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#EmphaticParticle
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#PersReflPronoun

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo TODO: This class should be renamed to PersonalPronoun, as it corresponds to the definition of PersonalPronoun in GOLD. Subclasses then should be renamed to ReflexivePronoun and NonreflexivePersonalPronoun.
EAGLES Pronoun with Pron.-Type="Pers/Ref".
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment In Eagles personal and reflexive pronouns are brought together as a single value Pers./Refl. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recp 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Quantifier

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo A category "Quantifier" is missing in EAGLES, but seems to be conflated with IndefiniteDeterminer. Added as top-level concept in accordance with the SFB632 annotation guidelines. Against the original (and meanwhile corrected) modelling in GOLD, Quantifier is not a subconcept of Determiner.
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A quantifier is a determiner that expresses a referent's definite or indefinite number or amount. A quantifier functions as a modifier of a noun, or pronoun. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuantifier.htm 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#MorphosyntacticCategory

_:181

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf _:234
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#DirectQuestion

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment There are two types of direct questions: yes-no questions and wh-questions. Yes-no questions should be bracketed as SQ. The auxiliary verb or form of do that precedes the subject in a yes-no question is a child of SQ. Note that yes-no questions need not contain a VP node (Santorini 1991)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Question

_:57

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Pronoun
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest _:148

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#RightParentheticalPunctuation

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2079
TODO: rename to ClosePunctuation to support scripts running from left to right
added in accordance with EAGLES suggestions (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment End of a paired punctuation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2079) RightParentheticalPunctuation is a punctuation mark which concludes a constituent whose the opening is marked by a LeftParentheticalPunctuation, e.g. ), ] and Spanish ?. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv 19.09.06)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ParentheticalPunctuation

http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticSubject

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticSubject
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment The subject of a sentence is one of the two main parts of a sentence, the other being the predicate. Providing an adequate definition of the notion of a subject is notoriously difficult, and depends on a range of grammatical properties that may vary from language to language. For this reason, many current grammatical theories avoid using the term, except for purely descriptive purposes, or define it in terms of occupying a particular position in the clause. The term subject refers to the grammatical function an expression may have in relation to other expressions in a sentence, and it should be distinguished from parts of speech, which classify expressions independently of their relations to other constituents of a sentence. The subject of a verb is the argument which generally refers to the origin of the action or the undergoer of the state shown by the verb. However, this definition depends on the particular language under consideration. In languages where a passive voice exists, the subject of a passive verb may be the target or result of the action. This is a semantic definition. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar)). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticSubject)
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#SyntacticArgument